Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Impairment
Any temporary or permanent loss or abnormality of a body structure or function, whether physiological or psychological.
Disability
A restriction or inability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
Handicap
The result of an impairment or disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of one or several roles that is regarded as normal.
Disorder
Medical term from the DSM-5
Disability
Legal term from the IDEA
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V
The manual that is used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose and classify mental disorders.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
A law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation.
Developmental Disability/Disorder
Set of limitations that begin in infancy or childhood, with delays in reaching developmental milestones or limitations in one or more of the following domains:
Cognition
Motor performance
Vision
Hearing and speech
Behavior
Stereotype
Beliefs about attributes that are thought to be characteristics of members of particular groups; the thinking that all people who belong to a certain group are the same and labeling them.
Bias
Tendency to lean in a certain direction, either in favor of or against a particular thing.
Prejudice
A negative attitude or affective response toward a certain group and its individual members.
Stigma
Someone views you in a negative way because you have a distinguishing characteristic or personal trait.
Discrimination
Unfair treatment of members of a particular group based in their membership in that group.
Person-Centered Language
Language emphasizes the individual’s humanity and defines them as a person first, rather than defining them by their illness.
Intellectual Disability
Deficits in intellectual functioning confirmed by clinical evaluation and individualized standards in IQ testing.
Rosa’s Law
Call for change because “MR” has negative connotations.
Down Syndrome
Genetic disorder in which there is an extra or partial chromosome 21.
Trisomy 21
Another name for Down Syndrome.
John Langdon Down
A British doctor who fully described Down Syndrome in 1866.
Fragile X Syndrome
Lack of FMR1 gene characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability.
FMRP
People who have FXS do not make this protein.
Spectrum
Used to classify something, or suggest that it can be classified, in terms of its position on a scale between two extreme or opposite points.
Savant Syndrome
Rare, but extraordinary condition in which persons with serious mental disabilities have some “island of genius” which stands in marked, incongruous contrast to overall handicap.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A neuro-developmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and restricted or repetitive behaviors.
Echolalia
Meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken words.
Idiosyncratic Phrases
Involves language with private meanings or meaning that make sense only to those familiar with the situation where the phrase originated.
Comorbidity
The presence of one or more disorders (or diseases) in addition to a primary disease or disorder.
Automaticity
The process by which skills become so well practiced that we can do them without much conscious throught.
Specific Learning Disabilities
Type of disorder that impedes the ability to learn or use specific academic skills, such as reading, writing, arithmetic, which are the foundation for other academic learning.
Parieto-Temporal Area
The novice reader uses this area, alongside Broca’s Area to slowly analyze new words.
Occipital-Temporal Area
This is the word form area of the brain.
Broca’s Area
This is the area that processes articulation and usually helps us connect sounds to letters.
Intraparietal Sulcus
Helps you complete different numerical activities.
Dyslexia
Involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words.
Written Expression Disorder
Having trouble expressing their thoughts in writing.
Dysgraphia
No longer a SLD in DSM 5; trouble with writing.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Neurological disorder causes a range of behavior problems, such as difficulty in attending to instruction, difficulty in focusing on schoolwork, difficulty following instructions and completing tasks, difficulty in social interactions, and excessive motor activity.
Sensory Impairment
Any impairment concerning the senses such as hearing loss, visual impairment, or a combination of hearing loss and visual impairment, of any type of degree that potentially interferes with typical methods of interacting and learning.
Visual Impairment
An impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Visual Disability
Impairment of visual functioning even after treatment and/or standard refractive correction with visual acuity in the better eye of less than 6/18 for low vision and 3/60 for blind, or a visual field of less than 10 degrees.
Visual Acuity
The clarity or sharpness of vision.
Snellen Test
Measures visual acuity through the use of a chart that has progressively smaller letters read at a distance of 20 feet.
Legal Blindness
The visual acuity is 20/200 or less in the better eye after correction, or the field of vision is limited to an angle of 20 degrees or less out of the normal 180- degree field of vision.
Total Blindness
The inability to recognize a strong light shone directly into the eye.
Tunnel Vision
A field of vision that is 20 degrees or less.
Cornea
A transparent dome sits in front of the colored part of the eye; helps the eye focus as light makes it way.
Iris
Colorful part of the eye; controls how much light goes through the pupil.
Pupil
Opening in the iris and lets light enter the eye.
Lens
Focuses the images onto the retina.
Retina
Takes the light the eye receives and changes it into nerve signals, so the brain can understand what the eye is seeing.
Refractive Errors
Error in the focusing of the eye that frequently results in reduced vision.
Myopia
A common vision condition in which you can see objects near to you clearly but objects farther away are blurry.
Hyperopia
A common vision condition in which you can see distant objects clearly but objects nearby away are blurry.
Astigmatism
A common imperfection in the curvature of your eye that causes blurred distance and near vision.
Congenital Cataracts
Cataracts present since birth or shortly afterwards.
Cataracts
It occurs when changes in the eye's lens cause it to become less transparent, resulting in cloudy or misty vision.
Glaucoma
High fluid pressure in your eye damages the optic nerve.
Retinopathy of Prematurity
An eye disorder caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the light sensitive part of the eyes of premature babies.
Braille
A system that enables blind and visually impaired people to read and write through touch; consists of raised dots arranged in “cells.”
Louise Braille
He created the writing system for visually impaired people in 1821.
Deafness
A hearing impairment so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing.
Hearing Impairment
An impairment in hearing that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
American Sign Language
A method of spelling words using hand movements.
Orthopedic Impairment
A musculoskeletal impairment that severely affects a child’s educational performance.
Poliomyelitis
Infects a person’s spinal cord, causing paralysis; caused by poliovirus.
Cerebral Palsy
A disorder of muscle tone or posture that is caused by damage that occurs to the immature, developing brain, most often through birth.
Muscle Tone
Strength and tension in the muscles; holds our body upright.
Posture
Position in which you hold your body while standing, sitting, or laying down.
Fetal Stroke
A disruption of blood supply to the developing brain.
Amputations
Surgical removal of all or part of a limb or extremity.
International Symbol of Access
Blue square overlaid in white with a stylized image of a person in a wheelchair.
Adaptation
A process of change that enables people to meaningfully interact in the most normal and integrated environment.
Curricular Adaptation
Any adjustments or modifications in learning expectations, curriculum, content, the environment, instruction, or material used for learning that enhances a person’s performance or allows at least partial participation.
Instructional Adaptations
The practice of changing how instruction is delivered to meet the needs of individual students including grouping strategies, formats for evaluation, and methods of presenting.
Intervention
Programs or sets of steps to help kids improve at things they struggle with.
Accomodations
Do not fundamentally alter expectations or standards in instructional level, content, or performance criteria; provide equal access to learning and equal opportunity to demonstrate what is known.
Modifications
Do fundamentally alter expectations or standards in instructional level, content, or performance criteria; provide meaningful and productive learning experiences.
Quantity/Size
Adapt the number of items that the learner is expected to learn or the number of activities the student will complete before the assessment for mastery.
Time
Adapt the time allotted and allowed for learning, task completion, or testing.
Level of Support
Increase the amount of personal assistance to keep the student on task or to reinforce or prompt use of specific skills.
Input
Adapt the way instruction is delivered to the learner.
Difficulty
Adapt the skill level, problem type, or the rules on how the learner may approach the work.
Output
Adapt how the student can respond to instruction.
Input Accomodation
Service or support to help fully access the subject matter and instruction.
Output Accomodation
Service of support to help validly demonstrate knowledge.
Participation
Adapt the extent to which a learner is actively involved in the task.
Alternate Goals
Adapt the goals or outcome expectations while using the same materials.
Substitute Curriculum
Provide different instruction and materials to meet a learner’s individual goals.