Health science 1001A Midterm #2, University of Western Ontario

health intervention

an act performed for, with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to assess, improve, maintain, promote or modify health, functioning or health conditions

Acti-cal

An accelerometer that is worn on the head. It measures physical activity.

RE-AIM framework

"Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance" A tool used to facilitate design and evaluation of health interventions.

About how many years do we spend eating in a lifetime?

6

One needs approx. ___ essential nutrients.

50

Essential nutrients are

Those the body needs and cannot synthesize on its own or in enough quantity

Macronutrients are

nutrients our body needs in large amounts

Micronutrients (trace elements) are

needed in small amounts (i.e vitamins and minerals)

1 Kilacalorie

= 1,000 calories= amount of heat needed to increase temperature of 1L of water by 1 degree celsius.

Proteins

Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues, Amino acids are the main building blocks.

How many amino acids are found in food and how many of those are essential?

20 amino acids in food and 9 of the 20 are essential.

complete proteins

proteins that contain all nine of the essential amino acids

Fats (lipids)

Nutrients that supply energy, insulate the body, give food a pleasing taste/ texture and help absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

What fats are solid at room temperature?

saturated fats

What is hydrogenation?

mixing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, converts unsaturated fats into trans fatty acids. It increases shelf life and the stability of oil.

Which fatty acids increase blood levels of LDL?

Saturated and trans fatty acids

What is LDL cholesterol?

Low density lipoprotein AKA "bad cholesterol." Increases risk of heart disease.

What essential nutrients do Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids contain?

Alpha-linolenic and linoeic acid resepctively

What are carbohydrates and what do they do?

They are combinations of saccharide sugars, they supply energy for our body cells.

What kind of sugar chains are simple and complex carbs?

Simple carbs are monosaccharides/ disaccharides (natural sugars e.g fructose, sucrose). Complex carbs are polysaccharides (starches and dietary fibre).

When grains are refined, they contain

only the spongy endosperm (carbs and protein and provides energy).

The Bran on whole grains:

Is the outer shell, it protects seed, has fibre, B vitamins and minerals.

Germ of wheat

The embryo of the grain containing protein, fat, iron and vitamins B and E.

glycemic index

a method of classifying foods according to their potential for raising blood glucose

fibre

Non digestible carbohydrates provided by plants. Makes up bulk of feces.

Dietary fibre function

Aids the movement of food through the gut

Functional fibre

nondigestible carbohydrates either isolated from natural sources or synthesized; these may be added to foods and dietary supplements

Function of soluble fiber

Lowers blood cholesterol levels, delays gastric emptying, decreases blood glucose levels, reduces obesity risk (fullness and satiety).

Function of insoluble fiber

Absorb water in intestinal tract, helps prevent hemorrhoids and constipation by increasing fecal bulk.

Vitamins

Essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but that are required for growth and proper functioning of the body.

How many essential vitamins?

13, 4 fat-soluble and 9 water-soluble

Coenzymes

vitamins that assist in the normal functioning of enzymes

Antioxidants

Organic molecules that help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals

Vitamin A deficiency, Vitamin C deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and Vitamin B6 deficiency...

causes blindness, causes scurvy, causes bone deformation and causes seizures.

Minerals are

inorganic micronutrients

major minerals

Body needs more than 100 mg daily. calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur

trace minerals

minerals essential in nutrition, needed in small quantities daily. iron and zinc are examples

There are ___ essential minerals.

17

Minerals are mainly

structural elements.

Water assists in:

temperature regulation, nutrient/ waste transport, digestion and absorption.

Men need ___L of water daily and women need ___L of water daily.

3.7 and 2.7

Nutrition facts Table:

Includes calories and 13 nutrients, helps consumers make informed choices.

% Daily Value

the percentage that a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet

Ingredients Listing

- listed by weight, the greatest amount listed first

How many parents involved in C.H.A.M.P Families?

11 parents

Why do brands market to kids?

1. Kids have money to spend

2. They influence what their parents buy

3. They can become lifelong customers

4. They are easy targets

5. They have less critical thinking skills and are more impulsive.

Who founded the Stop M2K Initiative in 2014?

The Heart and Stroke Foundation and Childhood Obesity Foundation

Bill s-228

Child Health Protection Act, amends the Food and Drugs Act to prohibit food and beverage marketing to children 12 years and under.

T or F: Breast milk is the only single food for humans that can independently sustain life for the first 6 months after birth

True

hormones involved in breastfeeding

progesterone, estrogen, prolactin and oxytocin

Globally, about ___% of infants 0-6 months of age are exclusively breastfed.

40

What is BFI?

Baby Friendly Initiative, global campaign to promote, protect and support breastfeeding

True or False: It is illegal in Canada for hospitals to give free samples of infant formula to new mothers.

False, there are many violations of the WHO code in Canada as it is not legislated.