Common Meds

ACE Inhibitor Examples

Ramipril

Lisinopril

Catopril

ACE Inhibitor MOA & what may it cause?

Prevents ang I > ang II, stops vasoconstriction

Can cause dry cough

What do ACE Inhibitors treat?

hypertension, CHF

Opioid Examples

Codeine, tramadol, morphine

Opioid MOA

binds to mu receptor in CNS, inhibits nt release

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) Examples

Losartan

Valsartan

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) MOA

Lower bp by blocking ang II enzyme from causing vasoconstriction

Blocks retention of Na & H2O

What are ARBs used to treat?

Hypertension

CHF

Anticoagulant Examples

Warfarin

Heparin

Apixapan

Dabigatran

MOA for warfarin

blocks activation of vitamin K

MOA for apixapan

Inhibits platelet aggregation

MOA for heparin

binds to & inhibits clotting factors (inactivate factor Xa)

MOA for dabigatran

Inhibit activation of prothrombin > thrombin

What are anticoagulants used for?

Reduce blood clots (stroke, AF, DVT, PE)

Beta-blockers Examples

Propranolol

Metoprolol

Beta-blockers MOA

Blocks effects of adrenaline on B-A receptors, decrease HR & BP

What are beta-blockers used to treat?

Hypertension, CHF, arrhythmias, anxiety, migraine

Ca Channel blockers Examples

Amlodipine

Nifedipine

Ca Channel blockers MOA

Blocks Ca into sm cells, reduces contractility

What are Ca channel blockers used to treat?

Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias

Diuretic Example

Furosemide

Diuretic MOA

Inhibit Na, Cl, K reabsorption - increase excretion (decrease BV & BP)

What are diuretics used to treat?

hypertension, heart failure, oedema

Bisphosphonates Examples

Alendornic acid

Didronel

Ibandronate

Clodronate

Bisphosphonates MOA

Taken up by OC, once in bone inhibit OC activity, induce apoptosis

Decrease Ca into blood, stim bone resorption

What are bisphosphonates used to treat?

osteoporosis

Antiplatelet Examples

Aspirin

Clopidogrel

Abciximab

Aspirin MOA

Prevents platelet activation/aggregation

by inhibiting COX

Clopidogrel MOA

inhibition of ADP-mediated platelet aggregation

Abciximab MOA

Inhibits platelet aggregation by binding to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor

What are antiplatelets used for?

reduce clot risk

Statin Examples

Simvastatin

Atorvastatin

Statin MOA

inhibit HMG-CoA enzyme responsible for cholesterol production

What are statins used to treat?

reduce heart disease & stroke risk, lower cholesterol

Analgestic Example

Paracetamol

Analgesic MOA

Inhibits COX

NSAIDs Examples

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

NSAIDs MOA

Inhibits COX

What does NSAIDs have an increased risk of?

Stomach ulcers/bleeding

Beta-Antagonist Examples (short-acting)

Reliever - salbultamol, levalbuterol

Beta-Antagonist Examples (long-acting)

Preventer - salmeterol, formoterol

LABA must ALWAYS be used along w/ corticosteroid

Methylxanthine Example

Theophylline

Methylxanthines MOA

Inhibits phoshodiesterase, preventing cAMP breakdown > sm relax

Adenosine receptor antagonism - reduce airway constriction

Stim of CNS - increase resp drive

Beta-Antagonist MOA

Bind to B-2-A receptors on bronchial sm = bronchodilation

Activation of AC produces cAMP = bronchodilation

What is an example of an oral corticosteroid which provides rapid relief?

Prednisolone

Leukotriene cysLT1 Receptor Agonist Examples

Zarfirlukast

Montelukast

Typically in addition to ICS & SABA (long-term maintenance)

Leukotriene cysLT1 Receptor Agonist MOA

Inhibit action of leukotrienes, blocks cysLT1 receptor - reduced airway oedema

Limits sm contraction, less inflammatory mediators

Which drug is an example of anti-IgE therapy?

Omalizumab (Xolair)

Anti-IgE Therapy MOA

Blockers IgE AB's, prevents them activating mast cells which release inflammatory mediators = reduced inflammation

Long-Acting Antimuscarinic Agents Examples

Tiotropium

Aclidinium

Long-Acting Antimuscarinic Agents MOA

Competitively blocks binding of ACh to muscarinic receptors

Anticholergics Examples

Ipratropium bromide

Anticholergics MOA

Blocks action of ACh, bronchodilators

What may anticholinergic medications produce?

dry mouth, throat infection

Inhaled Corticosteroids Examples

Beclomethasone

Fluticasone

Inhaled Corticosteroids MOA

Bind to glucocorticoid receptors, moves into nu

Allows it to modify cell protein expression & reduce prod of inflammatory mediators