Civics 3rd Exam

Review the two categories of due process shown here, then choose the example that would represent a violation of procedural due process. *chart*

A person is sent to prison without first being advised of what crime he or she has committed.

Read the excerpt from the lesson text.

"Another aspect pf due process relates to the right of eminent domain, that is, the power of the government to take private property for public use. Contrary to what many believe, this right is real."

In order to exercise this power, the Federal Government must \_____.

provide fair compensation to the owners for any property taken

Study the examples given in the table. Then select the current legal requirements for the two types of searches that have been left blank. *chart*

No warrant required to search a stopped automobile. Warrant required to wiretap except in cases of suspected terrorist activity.

A writ of habeas corpus is a \____.

court order preventing an unjust arrest or imprisonment

Review the two categories of due process shown here, then choose the example that would represent a violation of substantive due process. *chart*

A State requires voter identification cards, but only for members of a racial minority.

The chart lists ways in which the government may limit individual rights for the public good. What other legal way to limit individual rights could be added to this list? *chart*

To promote safety: Require all drivers to wear seat belts.

What is the significance of the 14th Amendment?

It provides that the States, like the Federal Government, cannot deny basic rights to their people.

Which of the following amendments would have protected this person against the situation he is describing? *picture*

The 5th Amendment right to avoid self-incrimination.

Which of the following facts about a grand jury could be added to the table? *chart?*

cannot decide whether a defendant is innocent or guilty

What is the Miranda rule established by the Supreme Court's ruling in Miranda v. Arizona?

Police must read criminal suspects their rights before questioning them.

Americans can claim rights in addition to those listed in the Constitution, according to \___.

the 9th Amendment

To have a fair trial, a person is guaranteed all of the following EXCEPT \____.

media coverage if demanded

According to the Supreme Court, capital punishment \____.

is most fairly applied through use of a two-stage trial

The 13th Amendment forbids \____.

slavery and most forms of involuntary servitude

Which of the following statements about the 4th Amendment is TRUE?

It forbids unreasonable searches and seizures.

none of the following involve double jeopardy EXCEPT \_____.

trying a person for the same crime when a jury has already declared that person innocent.

The issue that tips the scales away from bail toward preventive detention is whether \____.

the defendant is likely to commit a crime before trial

a formal complaint that the prosecutor lays before the grand jury

indictment

Neither Congress nor the States can pass a(n) \_____ that inflicts punishment without a court trial.

bill of attainder

In order to obtain a warrant, police must have \______.

probable cause

the prohibition of \_____ prevents a person from being tried twice for the same crime

double jeopardy

says that the evidence gained as a result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against a person from whom it was seized

exclusionary rule

the defendant had a(n) \_____ with only a judge deciding the case

bench trial

sum of money that the accused person may be required to post as a guarantee that he/she will appear in court at the proper time

bail

betrayal of one's country

treason

Read the information in the chart. *chart*

Consider a scenario in which an unmarried, 28 year-old American woman gives birth to a daughter while working abroad. Her daughter is an American citizen as long as the woman \____.

has lived in the United States for at least 5 years and raises her daughter in the United States for at least 5 years after her daughter turns 14

*picture* This photo shows immigrants arriving at Ellis Island in New York. It could be said to illustrate the idea that \____.

the United States is a nation of immigrants

Which of the following examples are not grounds for losing one's American citizenship?

Marrying a citizen of a foreign country.

*chart* Which of the following completes the chart?

increased the number of immigrants allowed yearly

*chart* Which of the following could be added to the "Asian American" column?

came to the U.S. to work in mines and building railroads

*chart* According to the information in the chart, citizenship would be granted to a child \____.

who was part of a group that was collectively naturalized

The efforts of Martin Luther King, Jr., and his fellow civil rights workers resulted in \_____.

great political change, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964

*picture* Which statement best expresses the cartoon's message?

Women are not paid the same as men.

In Hernandez v. Texas, the Supreme Court's decision \____.

opened the door to extend equal protection to racial and ethnic groups

The decision in Reed v. Reed, which held that States may not choose the executor of an estate based solely on gender, was important in that it \____.

was the beginning of a series of decisions that marked a shift in how the Court looks at sex discrimination

Affirmative action programs primarily seek to \____.

remedy the effects of past discrimination

In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court held that \___.

race could be used as one of many factors in considering academic admissions

*picture* The event illustrated in this photograph is an example of \____.

the impact of political changes brought about by an individual

Citizenship by birth os determined by the rules \____.

of jus soli and jus sanguinis

De jure segregation \____.

was the result of laws or other government actions

A person can become a citizen of the United States by all of the following means EXCEPT \___.

illegally crossing the Mexican border into Texas

Over time, the makeup of the American population has become \____.

more diverse

Undocumented aliens are those who enter the United States \_____.

without following proper legal procedures

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the Supreme Court decisions in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

It quickly brought about integration of schools in this country.

Which of the following paved the way for nearly 60 years of continued segregation in the United States?

the separate-but-equal doctrine

a member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to it by birth or naturalization and is entitled to full civil rights

citizen

legal process by which a loss of citizenship occurs

expatriation

the process through which naturalized citizens may involuntary lose their citizenship

denaturalization

a legal process in which aliens are legally required to leave the United States

deportation

The United States population can be described as being mainly a nation of \___.

immigrants

Alan Bakke charged the University of California with \____ after he was denied admission to their medical school

reverse discrimination

the process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture

assimilation

more than a third of the nation's Native Americans live on the \____ set aside for them by the government

reservations

Study the chart. *chart*
Then decide which information best completes the chart.

prohibited literacy tests and other discriminatory practices

Which information BEST completes the chart? *chart*

No State may deprive a citizen of the right to vote on the basis of sex

Read this excerpt from the text:

"Today, every State requires that any person who wants to vote must be able to satisfy qualifications based on three factors: (1) citizenship, (2) residence, and (3) age. The States have some leeway in shaping the details of the first two of these factors; they have almost no discretion with regard to the third one."

The reason States have little discretion regarding age qualifications is \___.

the Constitution says no State can set the minimum age for voting at more than 18 years

Which of the following is the MOST ACCURATE statement about voters aged 18-20?

Members of this age group have shown themselves to be less likely to vote than any other age group.

Read this excerpt from a Supreme Court decision. What is the Court taking a stand against?

"Once the franchise is granted to the electorate, lines may not be drawn which are inconsistent with the Equal Protection Clause... Voter qualifications have no relation to wealth... Wealth, like race, creed, or color, is not germane to one's ability to participate intelligently in the electoral process." -Justice William O. Douglas, Opinion of the Court

poll taxes

This chart contrasts voters and nonvoters. *chart*
Which information about nonvoters is missing from the chart?

have a strong mistrust of political institutions and processes

Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to vote Democratic?

a 25-year-old African American woman from Boston

This chart summarizes the obligations of the States under the Help America Vote Act. *chart*
Which item completes the chart?

Allow a person whose eligibility has been challenged to cast a ballot that will be conducted later

"No excuse" absentee voting \___.

allows people to obtain an absentee ballot without giving a reason why they cannot vote on election day

This map shows which States have voter ID laws. *map*
You can tell from the map that most States \___.

have some kind of voter ID laws

Read this excerpt from the text about an issue that can affect voter turnout in American elections.

"Based on early returns from the East and Midwest, the news media often project the outcome of the presidential contest before all voters in the West have gone to the polls. Some people fear that such reports work to discourage western voters from casting their ballots."

This excerpt describes \___.

the "time-zone fallout" issue

This graph compares the manner in which Americans voted in the 2012 election. *chart*
What prediction could be made based on this graph?

In-person voting could dip to 50 percent or lower as voting trends change in 2016.

Which of the following statements about suffrage is TRUE?

States require that any person wishing to vote must meet specific qualifications for citizenship, age and residence.

Which of these state suffrage laws would violate some provision in the federal Constitution?

a law setting a maximum age for voting

The term political socialization can be defined as the \____.

process by which people formulate their political attitudes and opinions

All of the following are significant reasons for nonvoting in United States elections today EXCEPT \___.

widespread use of religious and literacy tests

All of the following have been used to keep African American from voting EXCEPT \____.

federal court oders

The phenomenon in which fewer voters are cast for offices farther down the ballot is called \____.

ballot fatigue

a person's ability to read or write, is no longer used to qualify voters

literacy

dividing electoral districts to limit the voting strength of a particular group

gerrymandering

The term regularly used to describe those people who have no specific major party affiliation

independent

persons living in a state for a short period of time

transients

the right to vote is known as suffrage, or \_____.

franchise

the practice of voting for candidates of more than one party in any one election

split-ticket voting

The diagram contains examples of views that qualify to be termed public opinion. *chart* Which of the following is also an example of public opinion?

a television pundit's stand on increased funding for national defense programs

Which of the following factors are MOST LIKELY to influence a person's long-term political opinions?

class time from kindergarten through graduation spent learning about U.S. history

This chart contrasts political parties and interest groups. *chart*
Which information best completes the chart?

Political parties: focus on nominating candidates; interest groups: focus on policy questions

Read this excerpt from the text.

"To be successful, propaganda must be presented in simple, interesting, and credible terms. Talented propagandist almost never attack the logic of a policy they oppose. Instead, they often attack it with name-calling. That is, they attach such labels as "communists" or "fascists." Other labels include "ultra-liberal," "ultraconservative," "pie-in-the-sky," or "greedy." Or, they try to discredit a policy or person by card stacking- presenting only one side of the issue."

Based on this excerpt, which of the following is an example of propaganda?

A speech in which a candidate says, "My opponent has the voting record of a fascists."

The type of interest group made up of workers who share the same type of job or work in the same industry is known as \___.

A labor union

Read this quote from a letter Thomas Jefferson wrote in 1823.

"The force of public opinion cannot be resisted, when permitted freely to be expressed. The agitation it produces must be submitted to. It is necessary, to keep the waters pure." -Thomas Jefferson, Letter to the Marquis de Lafayette, November 4, 1823

With which statement would Jefferson most likely agree?

The expression of public opinion, whether through protests, editorials, or votes, should be welcomed.

This chart compares two types of public opinion polls. *chart*
What is one of the benefits of conducting a straw poll?

It can ask the same question of a large group of people.

What is the first step in designing a scientific poll?

Defining the universe that will be surveyed

Read this excerpt from the text about the media and public policy.

"The media play a very large role in shaping the public agenda, the societal problems that the nation's political leaders and the general public agree need government attention. As they report and comment on events, issues, policies, and personalities, the media determine to a very large extent what public matters the people will think and talk about- and, so, those matters about which public-policy makers will be most concerned."

The best example of this is \____.

A news network airing a story on the national debt instead of a story on homelessness.

*picture* What viewpoint does this political cartoon reflect about the influence of mass media on the public?

The media tries to mold the opinions of citizens rather than simply mirroring them.

An interest group can be described as a group of people who \____.

influence what the government does in a specific area of special interest

A labor union is an organization of workers who \___.

work in the same job or industry

The term grass roots refers to \___.

average voters

All of the following are propaganda techniques EXCEPT \_____.

supporting a government policy change

Interest groups are also called pressure groups mainly because \___.

they seek to put pressure on the government to affect policies

Single interest groups try to affect elections based on \_____.

Each candidate's stand, in regard to the groups' interests

Propaganda is a technique \____.

used to influence people to adopt a particular belief

A public-interest group is different from any other interest group because it \____.

works to benefit many or all people, regardless of their affiliations

All of the following are criticisms of interest groups EXCEPT \___.

They keep a close watch on public officials.

the complex collection of the opinions of many different people; the sum of all their views

public opinion

people with whom one regularly associates

peer groups

Any person who, for any reason, has an unusually strong influence on the views of others

Opinion leaders

instructions or commands a constituency gives to its elected officials

mandate