Memorizables 1 Formulas

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MCAT Memorizables 1

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71 Terms

1
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Net Force

Fnet = ma

Fnet= net force

m=mass

a=acceleration

2
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Gravitational Force on Earth

Fg=mg

Fg=gravitational force on earth

m=mass

g=gravitational acceleration

3
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Gravitational Force in General

FG=Gm1m2/r2

FG=Gravitational Force

G=gravitational constant

m1,m2=masses

r=distance between centers of masses

4
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Electric Force (charged object into electric field)

FE=qE

FE=Electrical Force

q=charge on object

E=electrical field

5
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Electric Force (between two points of charge)

FE=kq1q2/r2

FE=Electric Force

k=electric force constant

q1,q2=charges on objects

r=distance between the centers of the objects

6
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Electric Field Formula

E=kQ/r²

E=electric field

k=electric force constant

Q=charge

r=distance from charge

7
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Spring Force Formula

F=kx

F=spring force

k=spring constant

x=amount stretched/compressed

8
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(Max) Static Friction Formula

Fs,maxsFN

Fs,max=max static friction force

μs=static friction coefficient

FN=Normal Force

9
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Kinetic Friction Formula

FkkFN

Fk=Force of Kinetic friction

μk=kinetic friction coefficient

FN=Normal Force

10
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Buoyant Force Formula

Fb=ρVg

Fb=Buoyant Force

V=volume submerged

g=gravitational acceleration

11
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Magnetic Force Formula

Fm=qvBsin(θ)

Fm=Magnetic Force

q=charge

v=velocity

B=strength of magnetic field

θ=angle between direction of velocity and direction of magnetic field

12
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Torque Formula

T=rFsin(θ)

T=Torque (N*m)

r=distance from point that force is applied to pivot point of object rotating about

F=Force causing object to rotate

θ=angle between direction of the force and the line connecting the point the force is acting on to the pivot point of rotation

13
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Net Force on Inclined Plane

Fnet=mgsin(θ)

Fnet= Net Force

m=mass

g=gravitational acceleration

θ=angle inclined plane makes with ground

14
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Normal Force on Inclined Plane

FN=mgcos(θ)

FN=Normal Force

m=mass

g=gravitational acceleration

θ=angle inclined plane makes with ground

15
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Acceleration Formula

a=Δv/t

a=acceleration

Δv=change in velocity

t=time

16
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Simple Distance Formula

d=vt

17
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Three General Motion/Projectile Formulas

  1. vf=v0+at

  2. vf2=v02+2ad

  3. d=v0t+(1/2)at²

18
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Gravitational Acceleration Formula (surface of planet)

g=GM/r²

g=gravitational acceleration (on surface of planet)

G=universal gravitational constant

M=mass of planet

r=radius of planet

19
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Kinetic Energy Formula

KE=1/2mv²

KE - joules (J)

20
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General Work Formula

W=Fdcos(θ)

W=Work

F=Force

d=distance force applied

θ=angle between direction of the force and the direction of the velocity of the object

21
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Net Work Formula

Wnet=Fnetdcos(θ)

Wnet=Net Work

Fnet=Net Force

d=distance force applied

θ=angle between direction of the force and the direction of the velocity of the object

22
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Gravitational Potential Energy (close to Earth’s surface)

UG=mgh

UG=Gravitational Potential Energy

m=mass

g=gravitational acceleration

h=height of mass

23
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Spring Potential Energy

Uspr=1/2*kx²

Uspr=Spring Potential Energy

k=spring constant

x=amount spring stretched/compressed

24
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Electrical Potential Energy Formula (1 point charge)

UE=qV

UE=electrical potential energy

q=charge

V=voltage

25
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Change in Electrical Potential Energy Formula

ΔUE=qEd

ΔUE=change in electrical potential energy of object

q=charge

E=strength of constant electrical field

d=distance object “falls”

26
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Change in Voltage formula

ΔV=Ed

ΔV=change in voltage

E=strength of electric field

d=distance the object moves through

27
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Voltage Formula (single point charge)

V=kQ/r

V=voltage

k=electrical constant

Q=charge

r=distance from center of charge

28
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Electrical Potential Energy Formula (2 point charges)

UE=kq1q2/r

UE=Electrical potential energy

k=electrical constant

q1,q2=charges

r=distance between centers

29
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Energy of Photon Formula

Ep=hf

Ep=energy of photon

h=planck’s constant

f=frequency

30
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Thermal Energy of Friction (kinetic) Formula

Ef= -Fkd

Ef=energy lost by object to heat of friction

Fk=force of kinetic friction

d=distance object travels

31
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General Power Formula (w/o constant velocity)

P=ΔE/t

P=power

ΔE=energy transferred

t=time

32
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General Power Formula 2 (constant velocity)

P=Fv

P=power

F=force

v=velocity

33
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Wave Velocity Formula

vw=λf

vw=wave velocity

λ=wavelength

f=frequency

34
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Period of Cycle Formula

T=1/f

T= time period required to complete one cycle

f=frequency

35
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Intensity of Wave Formula 1 (simple)

I=P/A

I=intensity

P=power

A=area

36
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Intensity of Wave Formula 2 (harder one, uses distance)

I1r1²=I2r2²

I1,I2=intensity at 1,2 location

r1,r2=distance from source at 1,2 location

*inverse square law

37
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Decibels Formula

10log(I/I0)

I=intensity being studied

I0=reference intensity which is = to lowest intensity human hears can detect

38
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Beat Frequency Formula

fbeat=f1-f2

fbeat= beat frequency

f1=frequency of first wave

f2=frequency of second wave

*beat frequency produced when two similar frequencies interfere producing 3rd frequency

*cant be negative

39
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General Angular Frequency Formula

ω=2πf

ω=angular frequency

f=regular frequency

40
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Doppler Effect Formula for frequency

fd=fs(vw±vd)/(vw±vs)

fd=frequency detected

fs=frequency emitted from source

vw=velocity of wave

vd=velocity of detector

41
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Oscillating Spring Angular Frequency Formula

ω=sqrt(k/m)

ω=angular frequency

k=spring constant

<p>ω=sqrt(k/m)</p><p>ω=angular frequency</p><p>k=spring constant</p>
42
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Pendulum Angular Frequency Formula

ω=sqrt(g/L)

ω=angular frequency

g=gravitational acceleration

L=length of pendulum

<p>ω=sqrt(g/L) </p><p>ω=angular frequency</p><p>g=gravitational acceleration</p><p>L=length of pendulum</p>
43
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3 General Pressure Formulas

  1. P=F/A

  2. Ptot=Patm+Pgauge

  3. Ptot=Patm+ρgh

P=Pressure

F=force

A=area

Pguage=pressure of fluid exerting, pressure on top of atmospheric pressure

ρ=density of liquid

g=gravitational acceleration

h-=height of liquid above point in question (depth)

44
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Specific Gravity of Substance Formula

Specific Gravity = ρsubstance/ρwater

ρsubstance=density of substance

ρwater=density of water

45
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Fraction of Object Submerged Formula

Fraction Submerged = ρobjectfluid

46
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Volume Flow Rate Formula

Q=Av

Q=volume flow rate

A=cross sectional area of pipe

v=velocity of fluid

47
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Bernouilli’s Equation

P+1/2ρv²+ρgh = constant

P=pressure

v=velocity

g=gravitational acceleration

h=height

ρ=density of fluid

48
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Surface Tension Formula

T=F/d

T=surface tension

F=force

d=length over which the force is applied

49
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Electrical Current Formula

I=q/t

I=current

q=charge

t=time charge flows

50
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Voltage Drop Formula (ez)

V=IR

51
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Resistance of Resistor Formula

R=ρ(L/A)

R=resistance

ρ=resistivity

L=length of resistor/wire

A=cross sectional area of resistor/wire

52
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Conductivity Formula

σ=1/ρ

σ=conductivity

ρ=resistivity

53
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Equivalent Resistance (In series)

Req=R1+R2+…

54
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Equivalent Resistance (In parallel)

1/Req=1/R1+1/R2+…

55
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Charged Stored on Capacitor Formula

Q=CV

Q=charge

C=capacitance (not conductivity)

V=voltage drop across capacitor

56
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Capacitance of parallel plane formula

C=(kE0A)/d

C=capacitance

k=dielectric constant

E0=universal electricity constant

A=area of one of capacitor plates

d=distance between plates

57
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Capacitance Circuit (in parallel)

Ceq=C1+C2+…

58
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Capacitance Circuit (in series)

1/Ceq=1/C1+1/C2+…

59
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Three formulas for Electrical Power

PE=IV

PE=I²R

PE=V²/R

PE=Electrical Power

60
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Three formulas for Electrical Energy

UE=1/2 * Q²/C

UE=1/2 * CV²

UE=1/2 * QV

UE=electrical energy

Q=charge

C=capacitance

V=voltage drop

61
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Average Current formula (AC circuit only)

Irms=Imax/sqrt2

Irms=average current

Imax= max current

62
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Light passing through medium formula

n=c/v

nmedium=index of refraction of medium

c=speed of light in vacuum (3.0×10^8)

v=speed of light in medium

63
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Two Snell’s Law Formula for Light Passing through Mediums

nsinθ=constant

n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2

n=respective index of refraction

θ=respective angle the light ray makes with normal line drawn to surface it passes through

64
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Focal Length of spherical mirror formula

f=r/2

f=focal length

r=radius

65
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Focal Length System Formula

1/f=1/do+1/di

f=focal length

do=distance from object to center of lens/mirror

di=distance from image to center of lens/mirror

66
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Magnification Formula

m = -di/do

m=magnification (ratio of image height to object height)

di=distance from image to lens/mirror

do=distance from object to lens/mirror

*ex: if m=2. image is twice as tall as object

67
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Power of optical system formula

P=1/f

P=power

f=focal length

68
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Thermodynamics: Internal Energy Formula

ΔU=Q+W

ΔU= change in internal energy of substance

Q=heat transferred to gas

W=work performed on gas

69
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Power of Radiation Formula

Prad=kAT4

Prad=power of radiation

k=radiating object constant

T=temperature of radiating object (K)

A=area of object radiating energy

70
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Total Radiation Formula

Qrad=kAT4t

Qrad=total radiation

k=radiating object constant

T=temperature of radiating object (K)

A=area of object radiating energy

t=time

71
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Internal Kinetic Energy of Monatomic Gas Formula

U=3/2*nRT

U=internal kinetic energy

n=number of molecules (moles)

R=gas constant (8.31)

T=temperature (K)