science organic molecules flashcards

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

What are 6 elements that make up 99% of all living things?

A large organic molecule in any living organism

Define a biological molecule

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

What are the 4 categories of organic molecules?

they are molecules containing carbon

Define an organic compound

They are molecules not containing carbon

Define an inorganic compound

Water

What is the most inorganic compound?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Which elements are contained in carbonhydrates?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Which elements are contained in lipids?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Which elements are contained in proteins?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Which elements are contained in nucleic acids?

carbohydrates

is a group of organic molecules that include sugars, starches, and cellulose

it is a source of energy

what is the function of carbohydrates?

a hydroxyl group

what group does carbohydrates contain?

sugar, starch, and cellulose

what are the three types of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides

simple sugar

glucose (blood) and fructose (fruit)

what are examples of sugar?

disaccharides

double sugar - two monosaccharides joined together

Sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk), maltose (chocolate)

Real life examples of sugar?

sucrose is made up of glucose and fructose, lactose is made up of glucose and galactose, maltose is made up of 2 glucose molecules

what are sucrose, lactose, and maltose made out of?

polysaccharide

many monomers joined together to make a long chain

is found in liver and skeletal muscle cells and it is made out of glycogen

where is animal starch found and made out of?

cellulose

what is plant starch called?

lipids

a type of biological molecule that includes fats, oils, hormones, waxes, and components of cellular membranes

no, they are hydrophobic

do lipids dissolve in water?

glycerol molecule and fatty acid

What do lipids contain?

they are found in cell membranes - these lipids are called phospholipids

where are lipids found? what are these lipids called?

Saturated fats

What fat is a single bond- unhealthy fats?

store energy

what is the function of lipids?

unsaturated

what fats are a double bond?

polyunsaturated

What fats are a triple bond?

Proteins

a biological polymer made of amino acid monomers

Proteins

their function are the building blocks of cells

Proteins

they have one amino group (NH2) and one carboxyl group (COOH)

20

how many amino acids do proteins have?

peptide bonds

what is joined together in proteins?

controls rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form bones and muscles, transport substances in or out of cells, fight diseases

5 functions of proteins

Amino Acid

a carbon compound that contains the two functional groups

Nucleic Acids

a biological polymer that stores and transmits genetic information.

Nucleic Acids

their function is to carry hereditary information

DNA and RNA

Two types of nucleic acids

in the nucleus of plants, animals, fungi and protists

where is DNA found

deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen base, adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine

Nucleotide consists of:

Sugar

the building blocks for Carbohydrates

Fatty acids

the building blocks for lipid

amino acids

the building blocks for proteins

Nucleotide

the building blocks for nucleic acids

they are all carbon based, small molecules form together and bond to larger molecules, each is built from a single building block, form determines their function

4 common characteristics of all organic molecules