Prokaryotic Cell and Bacteria - Video Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the video notes about prokaryotic cells and bacteria.

Prokaryotic cell

A cell that doesn’t contain a nucleus; genetic material is free in the cytoplasm and it usually has a cell wall; simpler than a eukaryotic cell.

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance inside the cell where metabolic activities occur; in prokaryotes, DNA is found free in the cytoplasm.

Capsule

A protective outer layer surrounding some bacteria that helps protect and attach to surfaces.

DNA

Genetic material of the cell; in prokaryotes located in the cytoplasm and typically circular.

Plasmid

Small circular DNA molecules separate from chromosomal DNA; carry additional genes and can be exchanged between bacteria.

Cell membrane

Phospholipid bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Cell wall

Rigid layer outside the cell membrane that provides shape and protection; in bacteria often made of peptidoglycan.

Ribosome

Molecular machines that synthesize proteins

Flagellum

A long, whip-like structure used by some bacteria for movement.

Bacteria

Prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and may have capsules, plasmids, and flagella.