Isomers

2 main groups of isomers

constitutional (structural) and stereoisomers

2 types of stereoisomers (spatial isomers)

enantiomers and diastereomers

2 types of diastereomers

Conformers and Cis/trans isomers

functional group

determines the behavior of organic compounds

hydrocarbons

hydrogen + carbon atoms

alkanes

all C - C single bonds

Alkenes

one or more C double bond C

alkynes

one or more C triple bond C

alkanes name

prefix + ane

alkenes name

prefix + ene

Alkynes name

prefix + yne

Alkanes are

saturated hydrocarbon

alkenes are

unsaturated hydrocarbons

alkynes are

unsaturated hydrocarbons

saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes)

have the max number of H per C in the chain

unsaturated hydrocarbons

have less than max number of H per C

hydrogenation

process of combining with H2 to form alkanes

isomers

same chemical formula, different 3D structures

constitutional isomers (structural)

same formula but different connectivity of atoms

cis unsaturated fats

low density, kinks

saturated fats

dense, no kinks

trans - unsaturated fats

no kinks, highest density, stacking is stronger by double bonded C groups

enatiomers

when an object is chiral, mirror image and non-superimposable

Conformers

have sigma (single) bonds so it can rotate

cis isomers

cut along long bond length, if atoms are on the same side = cis

trans isomers

cut along bond length, atoms are on different sides = trans