APUSH Chapter 14

The Anaconda Plan

The Anaconda Plan

The Union’s tactical plan designed by General Winfield Scott at the beginning of the Civil War was know as ________

Radical Republicans

Republican faction that tried to limit presidential power and enhance congressional authority during the Civil War.

The North- 2,100,000 soldiers compared to the south’s 850,000

At the beginning of the Civil War did the North or South have more troops?

Stephen Mallory

What southern leader directed the conversion of river steamboats, tugboats, and revenue cutters into harbor patrol gunboats to fight the Union’s naval blockade?

Great Britain

What foreign country did the South focus on creating a relationship with during the Civil War because the south had exported huge amounts of cotton to it for years?

Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War during which Union General Irvin McDowell was defeated by the Confederates in VA.

George B. McClellan

After McDowell’s defeat at the Battle of Bull Run, who did Lincoln replace him with?

Organization and drilling troops

What was George McClellan’s biggest strength as a general?

Jayhawkers

What were Union guerrilla fighters in MO known as?

William Quantrill

Who was the confederate leader who led a force of guerrilla fighters in MO?

Destroying southern strongholds in the MS Valley

What was Ulysses S. Grant’s role in the Anaconda Plan?

Battle of Shiloh

Battle in TN in April 1862 that ended with an un-pursued Confederate withdrawal; both sides suffered heavy casualties for the first time, but neither side gained ground.

Vicksburg

City that was key to control the MS River, held by Confederates until mid 1863

Peninsular Campaign

McClellan’s attempt in the spring and summer of 1862 to capture Richmond by advancing up the peninsula between the James and York Rivers; Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee drove him back.

Second Battle of Bull Run

Union defeat near Bull Run in August 1862; Union troops led by John Pope were outmaneuvered by Lee.

Antietam Creek

Bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War that occurred in September 1862 when Lee’s forces invaded MD; both sides suffered heavy losses, and Lee retreated into VA.

Ambrose E. Burnside

After the battle of Antietam, who did Lincoln replace McClellan with?

Fredericksburg

Battle in which Burnside ordered a full-out assault on Robert E. Lee’s fortified position and Union troops were slaughtered.

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln’s order abolishing slavery as of January 1, 1863, in states “in rebellion” but not in border territories still loyal to the Union.

(T)

(T/F) The Emancipation Proclamation only applied to slavery in areas controlled by the Confederacy.

So as to not bunt heads with the four slave states that had remained in the Union during the war.

Why did the Emancipation Proclamation only apply to slaves in the Confederacy?

Conscription Act

Law passed by Congress in 1863 that established a draft but allowed wealthy people to escape it by hiring a substitute or paying the government a $300 fee.

1. The burden of service fell on farmers and urban workers.

2. Armed riots broke out in NY. Horace Greeley-founder of Republican Party hung

What were 2 outcomes of the Conscription Act?

Twenty Negro Law

Confederate law that exempted planters owning 20 or more slaves from the draft on grounds that overseeing labor done by slaves was necessary to the war effort.

(F), they all boomed

(T/F) During the Civil War in the north, Industry, Manufacturing, and the population shrank.

Homestead Act

Law passed by Congress in 1862 that promised ownership of 160 acres of public land to any citizen who lived on and cultivated the land for 5 years.

Legal Tender Act

Issued 431 million in paper money not backed by gold- Greenbacks

(F) The south had no industrial base at the beginning of the war.

(T/F) At the beginning of the Civil War the south was an agrarian society with a very strong industrial base.

(T)

(T/F) During the Civil War the southern government had to heavily intervene directly into the economy.

Food and clothing

Because of a lack of manufacturing and farming edible crops there was a serious shortage of what in the south during the Civil War?

Women in the North and South became responsible for overseeing crops, working in factories, and managing businesses. Women also worked as scouts, couriers, and spies.

What role did women take on at home and on the battlefield during the Civil War?

Contrabands

Runaway slaves that Union commanders used as laborers at the beginning of the Civil War.

White commanders

By 1862, African Americans were allowed into the armed forces in segregated units led by _____.

180,000

By the end of the Civil War, about _______ African Americans were in the Union Army.

United States Sanitary Comission

Government commission established by Abraham Lincoln to improve public health conditions in military camps and hospitals.

Dysentery and Typhoid Fever

Hospitals became breeding grounds for what two diseases?

Clara Barton

Organizer of a volunteer service to aid sick and wounded Civil War soldiers; she later founded the American Branch of the Red Cross

Technological advances in weaponry

Why was there an unprecedented amount of casualties during the Civil War?

Andersonville

Confederate prisoner of war camp in GA where 14,000 Union troops died of disease and malnutrition.

General Jospeh Hooker

After Burnside’s disaster at Fredericksburg, Lincoln put whom in charge?

Chancellorsville

Battle during which Jospeh Hooker was defeated by the much smaller Confederate force and then resigned.

General George E. Meade

With whom did Lincoln replace Hooker with?

Lee wanted to invade the North and gather supplies to encourage the northern peace movement.

Why did General Lee move his forces towards Gettysburg in 1863?

Gettysburg

Site in PA where in July 1863 Union forces under Meade defeated Lee’s forces, turning back Lee’s invasion of the North,

Ulysses S. Grant as General in Chief and George Sherman

Who took the reigns of the Union Army in 1864 and closed out the Civil War after Lincoln fired Meade.

Total War

What did Ulysses S. Grant and William Sherman invent that brought the Confederacy to its knees?

Total War

War waged with little regard for the welfare of troops on either side or the enemy civilians; the objective is to destroy both the human and the economic resources of the enemy.

He Suspend prisoner of war exchanges with the Confederacy.

What was one of the first things Grant did as General in Chief?

Cold Harbor

Site at which grant ordered a doomed assault on Lee’s center that cost enormous Union casualties; one of a series of battle in the spring of 1864 in which Grant, accepting unspeakable carnage, tried to maneuver his army around Lee’s.

John C. Fremont

In the election of 1864 who was on the Republican ticket instead of Lincoln?

Union Party

What did Lincoln supporters rebrand themselves as during the election of 1864?

Andrew Johnson

In the election of 1864, the Union Party selected _______ to become Lincoln’s running mate.

McClellan

In the election of 1864, who did the Democrats select as their presidential candidate?

Decisive victories by George Sherman in Georgia and Philip Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley showed that Lincoln was a competent military leader.

What allowed Lincoln to win by a landslide in the election of 1864?

March to the Sea

George Sherman’s march through GA from Atlanta to Savannah in late 1864, during which Union soldiers carried out orders to destroy everything in their path.

Appomattox Courthouse, VA

Grant orders an attack on the retreating Confederate Army and surrounds Lee. Lee surrenders to Grant at ________.

January 31, 1865

When was the Constitutional Ban on Slavery?

John Wilkes Booth

On April 14, 1865, ______ shoots and kills Lincoln at Ford Theatre.

350,000

How many Union soldiers were killed during the Civil War?

Acoustic Shadows

Phenomena that occurred at Gettysburg where people outside of the Battlefield saw the smoke and flashes of the battle but couldn’t hear anything.

To relieve pressures at Vicksburg

Why did Lee attack Gettysburg?

Shoes

What did the Confederates come looking for in Gettysburg?

Gettysburg

What battle is depicted?

George Pickett

What inexperienced Confederate general lead 13,000 men in the final charge of Gettysburg?

Edward Everett

Who was the main speaker at Gettysburg?