Grade 11 Science - NWP VOCAB Flashcards

Fifty vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the notes: biology, chemistry, and physics concepts relevant to Grade 11 (NWP).

Pepsin

An enzyme in the stomach that digests proteins.

Sucrose

A disaccharide transported in the plant phloem.

Weight

The gravitational force acting on a mass; varies with gravity.

Mass

The amount of matter in an object; remains constant with location.

Allotropy

Existence of two or more forms of the same element in the same state.

Graphite

One of carbon’s allotropes; a soft, slippery form used in pencils.

Diamond

A hard, tetrahedral allotrope of carbon.

Carbon

Element with symbol C; atomic number 6 and multiple bonding possibilities.

X in XH4 (XH4 with H=1)

X has atomic mass 12; identifies as carbon.

Glomerulus

Capillary network in the nephron formed by arterial capillaries.

Nephron

The basic functional unit of the kidney.

Eosinophil

A type of white blood cell involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections.

Lymphocyte

A white blood cell involved in adaptive immunity.

Water

Inorganic compound essential to living organisms; major body solvent.

Relative molecular mass (Mr)

Total mass of a molecule as the sum of its atomic masses.

Ohm's Law

V = IR; relates voltage, current, and resistance.

Kinetic energy

Energy due to motion; KE = 1/2 m v^2.

Epididymis

Structure where sperm are stored temporarily before ejaculation.

Thalassemia

Inherited blood disorder caused by mutations in the hemoglobin gene.

Dolphin

A mammal and vertebrate; adapted to aquatic life.

Whale

A large marine mammal; a vertebrate.

Single displacement reaction

A reaction where an element replaces another in a compound.

Double displacement reaction

Ions are exchanged between two compounds to form new substances.

Decomposition reaction

A compound breaks into two or more simpler substances.

Combination (synthesis) reaction

Two or more substances combine to form a single product.

Sodium (Na)

Metal with atomic mass about 23; highly reactive alkali metal.

Noble gas

Inert gases of Group 18 with complete outer electron shells.

Electron

Negatively charged subatomic particle in the atom, very small mass.

Proton

Positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus.

Neutron

Electrically neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus.

Energy levels

Discrete electron shells around the nucleus where electrons reside.

Lewis dot diagram

Diagram showing valence electrons as dots around an element symbol.

Covalent bond

A chemical bond formed by sharing electron pairs between atoms.

Solvent

Substance (often water) in which solutes dissolve.

Solute

Substance dissolved in a solvent.

Solubility

Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.

Molar mass

Mass of one mole of a substance (g/mol); e.g., NaCl ≈ 58.5 g/mol.

Indicator

Substance that changes color to signal pH or presence of another species.

pH

A measure of acidity or basicity on a 0–14 scale.

Period

Time for one complete cycle of a wave; reciprocal of frequency.

Frequency

Number of cycles (or oscillations) per second.

Refractive index

n = c/v; ratio of light speed in vacuum to speed in the medium.

Total internal reflection

Light confinement in a medium causing it to stay within a fiber.

Lymph

Fluid formed from tissue fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system.

Lymph node (lymph gland)

Gland-like structures where lymph is filtered and immune responses are activated.

Pulmonary circulation

Blood flow between the heart and lungs.

Systemic circulation

Blood flow between the heart and the rest of the body.

Thermometer

Instrument for measuring temperature.

Specific heat capacity

Heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K.

Cross-pollination

Pollination between plants of different varieties to combine traits.

Solubility by mass/volume (m/v)

Concentration measure expressing mass of solute per volume of solution.

Molar mass (alternative framing)

Mass per mole of a substance, used for calculating moles.

Acid-base indicator

Substance that changes color indicating acidity or basicity.

Avogadro's number

6.022 x 10^23; number of particles per mole.

Solubility factors

Temperature, pressure, and solvent–solute nature influence solubility.

Reference unit of measure for energy

Joule (J); unit of energy in the SI system.

Cross-disciplinary term: Amplitude

Maximum extent of a vibration or wave measured from rest position.

Period of a wave

Time for one complete cycle of a wave.

Amplitude vs wavelength

Amplitude is height; wavelength is distance between successive crests.