Studied by 36 people
Feudalism
The system of government in which rulers give protection and basic needs in return for ruling over those people
Manor
A piece of land given from a king to a lord on which Serfs/peasants would live
Excommunication
The act of expelling someone from christianity, causing them not being able to go to heaven
Tithe
A piece of Gifted land from a king to a Lord
Canon Law
Religious law
Guild
An association of people (usually traders) which helped each other create profits
Magna Carta
The paper that King John was forced to sign because the nobles rebelled over his rules (and brought an army). It protected the nobles from the king’s rule, but then was later negotiated to also give rights to commons.
Parliament
The primary Lawmaking body (legislature) of England that was created with the magna carta (Barons needed to oversee/advise King). There would be 2 houses; the house of Lords (Nobles), and the house of Commons (commoners)
Crusades
A series of campaigns launched by the Pope to conquer Jerusalem. Only the 1st was successful, all the others being massive bloodsheds for no reason.
Great Schism (1054)
The divide of the church in 1054 was due to Land and religious Problems with both sides excommunicating each other. The result was that there was a new group called the Orthodox
Inquisition
The movement created by King Ferdinand of Spain to have 1 religion. They would have the heresy tortured until they would convert
Heretics
People of other religion than Christianity
Crusade
A religious/holy war
Simony
The selling of church positions
Black Death/Plague
The sickness that came from Asia and spread throughout Europe with rats that had lice that carried the disease. It wiped out 1/3 of Europe
Justinian
Ruler of the Byzantine empire that moved the capital to Constantinople and expanded by conquering Roman Land. He beautified the city by building the largest church at the time
Charles Martel
A Majordomo (overseer of a royal household) who was the general in the battle of Tours which was the turning point in driving Islam out of Europe
Charlemagne/Charles the Great
Ruler of a Frankish Kingdom that expanded slowly until he unified the western half of the Roman Empire. He promoted education and got crowned emperor by saving the Pope
Lay Investiture
Church officials being elected by nobles/lords/kings
Commercial Revolution
When people started to move to cities and there was an increase in trade and a decrease in feudalism
100 Year War
The series of wars started by the English against the French because the French took Edward III’s land in France and there was no heir to the French throne, so Edward III wanted to be king.
Schism of 1414
When King Phillip of France moved the Pope capital from Rome to France, causing uproar. The French had Urban VI and the Romans had Clement which fought against each other. There was a 3rd Pope elected, but chaos ensued causing all to be fired
Franks
Community of people that lived in France/Switzerland during the middle ages
Monasteries
Religious communities secluded from the outside that would devote their life to God and copy books
Clergy
Religious officials
Lombard League
A league of Italian traders that was formed to defeat Fredrick I (German Ruler) who was invading italy
Papal Curia
The Pope’s advisors
Friar
People that would devote their life to Christianity in public, living as a beggar and trying to spread the religion
Burghers
Merchant/Artisan class people
Vernacular language
The language that was spoken
Papal Authority
The ability of the Pope being able to control Kings
