Transport in Animals and Plants (Nutrients, Water, and Hormones)

5.0(1)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/34

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

35 Terms

1
New cards
human circulatory system
transports nutrients (by plasma), oxygen (by hemoglobin), white blood cells/antibodies, metabolic waste
2
New cards
plasma
liquid portion of blood, transports nutrients
3
New cards
hemoglobin
protein that carries oxygen
4
New cards
metabolic waste
substances left over from metabolic processes (such as cellular respiration) which cannot be used by the organism (they are surplus or toxic), and must therefore be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds, water, CO2, phosphates, sulphates, etc.
5
New cards
left side
oxygen rich
6
New cards
right side
oxygen poor
7
New cards
open circulatory system
vessels open on one end, dumping blood into the body using hemolymph, which “bathes” all cells
8
New cards
open circulatory system
commonly found in insects and invertebrates
9
New cards
open circulatory system
\
* *fast delivery of oxygen & nutrients*
* *only works in small organisms*
* *does not have any immune system mechanisms* (white blood cell generation, killer t-cell production, etc)
10
New cards
closed circulatory system
human and endothermic animals have this
11
New cards
closed circulatory system
closed vessels, rely on diffusion out of vessels and into cells, using small capillaries to exchange nutrients
12
New cards
closed circulatory system
* can heal wounds by forming blood clots, maintain body temperature (homeostasis), but the *transportation process is MUCH slower* 


* (aorta —> arteries —> capillaries—> diffusion—> reaches cells)
* Smaller and smaller and smaller until we  get to a size where diffusion can occur
13
New cards
separate
animals require _____ circulatory system for nutrient and waste transport
14
New cards
open circulatory system
no distinction between circulatory and extracellular fluid
15
New cards
open circulatory system
heart is tubular and along length of animal
16
New cards
closed circulatory system
distinct circulatory fluid enclosed in blood vessels and transported away from and back to the heart, which is usually in one confined place in the animal
17
New cards
vertebrate closed systems
4 chambered heart, “true chamber-pump heart”
18
New cards
2
how many pumping chamber in a human heart?
19
New cards
first chamber
sinus venous and atrium
20
New cards
second chamber
ventricle and conus asteriosus
21
New cards
fish
blood is pumped to gills, then rest of the body
22
New cards
maximizes diffusion
fish rely on countercurrent blood flow
23
New cards
countercurrent blood flow
fish use it in their gills to transfer oxygen from the surrounding water into their blood
24
New cards
double circulation
in amphibians, lungs require a second pumping circuit
25
New cards
pulmonary circulation
moves blood between heart and lungs
26
New cards
systemic circulation
move blood between heart and rest of the body
27
New cards
3 chambered
amphibian heart
28
New cards
3 chambered
2 atria and 1 ventricle
29
New cards
amphibian heart
separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation is incomplete, “mixing occurs”
30
New cards
adaptations
amphibians living in water obtain additional oxygen by diffusion through skin
31
New cards
4 chambered
mammals, birds, and crocodiles
32
New cards
4 chambered
2 separate atria and 2 separate ventricles
33
New cards
right atrium
receives deoxygenated blood from the body and delivers it to the right ventricle
34
New cards
lung
right ventricle delivers blood to the lungs
35
New cards
left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from lungs and delivers it to the left ventricle, pumping it to the rest of the body