Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on physical development during middle childhood.

What is secular growth?

Systematic changes in body size and growth milestone attainment across generations due to improved nutrition and living conditions.

What are common changes in height and weight during childhood?

Growth appears in the first 2 years in industrialized nations, expands during childhood and early adolescence, and stabilizes as mature body size is reached.

What is myopia?

A vision problem where close objects are clear but distant objects are blurry, commonly affecting children in middle childhood.

What factors contribute to childhood obesity?

Hereditary factors, socioeconomic status, family eating habits, lack of physical activity, and cultural food environment.

What are effective interventions for childhood obesity?

Family-based interventions focusing on diet and exercise changes, school initiatives for healthy lunches, and public education about health and nutrition.

What are the main characteristics of children's motor skill development in middle childhood?

Increased gross and fine motor skills, including improved running speed, precision in throwing, and advancements in writing and drawing.

What is the impact of a healthy diet on children's cognitive performance?

A well-balanced diet is necessary for energy and better focus, contributing positively to school performance.

How do gender differences manifest in motor skills during childhood?

Girls typically excel in fine-motor skills while boys have an edge in gross-motor skills, influenced by social expectations.

What is perspective taking in childhood?

The ability to understand and consider others' thoughts and feelings, which develops through engagement in rule-oriented games.

What is rough-and-tumble play, and why is it significant?

Friendly chasing and play-fighting that peaks in middle childhood, essential for coping with frustrations and establishing social hierarchies.