AP GOV Unit 3

Tenth Amendment

-__________in Bill of Rights, grants all powers not specifically reserved for natl govt to states, often cited in arguments for states rights.

Supremacy clause

-________in Article VI, asserts authority of Natl govt over states (supreme law of the land)

Debate

________ arises over which level has authority (court system determines whether a state or fed.

propose amendments

Powers shared- make & enforce laws, collect taxes, maintain courts, allocate $ for public needs, ________.

Federalism

________ was the compromise between the Federalists and Anti- Federalists at the Constitutional Convention.

-Policies can be made separately (Ex

family & social issues usually addressed by state laws)

-Policies discussed @ both levels (Ex

  issues of economy, environment & equality)

Decentralized Government

fed system encourages ______

opportunities for political participation, public involvement, access, state decisions, parties function on 2 levels, elaborate communication

What does a decentralized government offer

Family and social

What policies are generally addressed by state law?

Economic, environment, and equality

What policies are generally addressed by both federal and state?

Court System

______ determines whether state or federal law is constitutional

Mint, economy: foreign and interstate, declare war, manage nat'l military, direct foreign relations

Powers reserved for fed gov

create local level of gov, regulate intrastate trade, hold elections, ratify amendments, conduct social policymaking

Powers reserved for state gov

make & enforce laws, collect tax, maintain court, allocate $ for public need, propose amendments

Powers shared

Enumerate Powers

_______ (Article 1 Sec 8) powers granted to nat'l gov and specifically congress

Implied powers

(established by McCulloch v Maryland) reinforces supremacy of nat'l gov. and elastic clause

Necessary and Proper clause

(Art 1 Sec 8) gives congress authority to pass any laws necessary to carry out duties enumerated in const.

Gibbons v Ogden

expanded congressional power to regulate commerce

Full faith and Credit Clause

(Article IV Sec 1) requires ea. state to formally recognize judgements of other states courts

Extradition

(Art IV sec 2) requires return of fugitive criminals arrested in 1 state in which crime was committed

Privileges & Immunities Clause

(Art IV sec 2) all citizens treated equally when traveling state to state

Dual federalism

most governmental responsibilities dont overlap

Cooperative federalism

shared costs (states receive aid) fed guideline (get funding by follow fed program)

Fisical federalism

system of redistributing fed $ to states by cat and block grant

1/4 of state spending

How much does state spending use federal aid?

Unicameral

Under the First constitution: The Articles of Confederation, USA's congress was _______

James Madison

Principle architect of constitution

3/5 Compromise

provided a formula by which slaves would be counted for apportioning House of Reps

Bill of Attainder

Any law passed by legislature that punished individual without trial violates ______

John Locke

Idea of limiting gov to protect "Life, liberty and property" is generally attributed to ______

promote economic interest of those at Constitutional Convention

Granting supremacy to nat'l gov was done in part to _________

Ex Post Facto Law

law that retroactively changes the legal consequences of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law

Connecticut Compromise

plan proposed (at Const. Convention) that called for bicameral legislature-1 proportional to state population-and one all equal

Judicial Review

Established by Marbury v Madison (1803)

decisive and require board consensus

Policymaking process is __________ with its system of checks and balances and separation of powers

Shay's Rebellion

convinced many founders of the necessity of a gov with a centralized power of military

Article of Confederation

states possessed nearly all power

Constitution

nat'l gov is superior to states