AICE General Paper Terminology

Globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

Modernization

The process of reforming political, military, economic, social, and cultural traditions in imitation of the early success of Western societies, often with regard for accommodating local traditions in non-Western societies.

Conformity

Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Renewable resources are

Natural resources that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed

Non-renewable resources

A resource that cannot be reused or replaced easily (ex. gems, iron, copper, fossil fuels).

Emissions

Pollutants that are released into the air

Deforestation

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.

Energy independence

Idea that the United States needs to end the dependence on imported oil--avoid dangers of low supply, ease Middle East tensions, dry up terrorist funds, lower gas prices because of lowered demand. Idea that nuclear power is a rising industry.

Alternative medicine

A group of medical treatments, practices, and products that are used instead of conventional Western medicine

Civil Liberties

The state of being subject only to laws established for the good of the community, especially with regard to freedom of action and speech.

Incarceration

The state of being confined in prison; imprisonment.

Economic sanctions

Boycotts, embargoes, and other economic measures that one country uses to pressure another country into changing its policies.

Dictatorship

A form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority.

Totalitarianism

A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens.

Oppression

The exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner.

Military coup

The removal of a head of state by military leaders.

Diplomacy

The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.

Small businesses

Independently owned businesses that usually has the owner as its manager.

Large corporations

Large corporations are corporations (other than an S corporation) that had, or whose predecessor had, taxable income (defined below) of $1 million or more for any of the 3 tax years immediately preceding the 2022 tax year, or if less, the number of years the corporation has been in existence.

Consumerism

The protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.

Free market economy

An economic system in which decisions on the three key economic questions are based on voluntary exchange in markets

Supply and demand

An economic concept that states that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply)

Privatization

To change from government or public ownership or control to private ownership or control.

Outsourcing

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

Philanthropy

Charity; a desire or effort to promote goodness

Censorship

Restriction on access to ideas and information. Control of what people read or write or see or hear; efforts to prohibit free expression of ideas.

Developing

With respect to a country, making progress in technology, production, and socioeconomic welfare

Developing countries

Countries with less productive economies and a lower quality of life

Infrastructure

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

Patriotism

A sense of pride in one's country

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

International affairs

Events and activities that involve the governments, politics, economies, etc. of different countries:

Foreign aid

Economic and military aid to other countries

Humanitarian efforts

Work focused on improving the health and happiness of other people

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total output of all economic activity in the nation, including goods and services.

Immigration

Movement of individuals into a population

Migration

Form of relocation diffusion involving permanent move to a new location.

Emigration

Movement of individuals out of a population

Travel and tourism

The combination of all of the services that people need and will pay for when they are away from home. This includes all of the businesses that benefit from people traveling and spending their money, such as transportation or restaurants.uy