Kantian Ethics Scholars

“act only according to that maxim...that should become a universal law”

Kant - maxim, universal

“To do goods to others, where one can, is duty”

Kant - goods, duty

“good in itself in accordance with reason”

Kant - accordance, reason

“the moral law within me”

Kant - moral, within

“our knowledge begins with experience”

Kant - begins, experience

“it is impossible to will that such a principle should have the universal validity of a law of nature”

Kant - impossible, universal validity

“thinking beasts”

Aristotle - thinking

“human reason is limited, we require God’s revelation”

Barth - limited, God’s revelation

human fallenness: reason limited

Augustine - human fallenness

Human morality is more instinctive than reasoned

Freud - instinctive, reasoned

Agape love is the best motivation

Fletcher - agape, motivation

“an eye for an eye”

Exodus - eye

punishment should be rehabilitative

Bentham - punishment, rehabilitative

“I find myself drawn into a vicious circle”

Sartre - vicious circle

theory basis for the UN Declaration of Human Rights

Kant - Human Rights

moral principles: clear & objective framework, fairness and justice

John Rawls - moral principles

Too much emphasis on the duty of individuals, disregarding practical limitations

David Hume - emphasis, duty

Individual autonomy: attractive theory for promoting human agency

Christine Korsgaard - Indiviual autonomy

Deontological approach: contrast to relapse nature of order ethical systems, subject and difficult autonomy

W.D. Ross - Deontological approach

doesn’t always account for the messy, emotional realities of life, challenging to apply in practical contexts

Bernard Williams - emotional realities, practical contexts

Human rights theories: respecting autonomy of individual is fundamental

Thomas Pogge - Human rights theories

fails to take into account the complexities and nuances of real-life moral dilemmas

Elizabeth Anscombe - complexities, real-life

(Utilitarian) ignoring consequences leads to decisions that are detached from real-world impact potentially causing harm despite the best intentions

John Stuart Mil - consequences,