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Lyric Poetry
poetry that is designed to express feelings/emotions
Stanza
A group of lines in a poem that form a unit; often stanzas are marked by line breaks above and/or below
Enjambement
occurs when the syntax of a line carries over to the next line
End-stop line
when the syntax of a line is completed by the end of the line
Alliteration
repetition of the initial sounds of words in close proximity - in a cluster (does not have to be in the same line)
Allusion
A reference to something that is typically well known (person, event, work of art, etc.)
Assonance
the repetition of vowel sounds in words that are in close proximity
Connotation
the meaning implied by a word
Consonance
the repetition of consonant sounds in words that are in close proximity (sounds can be anywhere in the word)
Denotation
The literal definition of a word
Imagery
vivid language or details that appeal to one or more of the senses
Metaphor
A symbolic comparison made by directly stating one thing as another, or substituting one thing for the other
Simile
A comparison using like or as
Synecdoche
A type of metaphor in which the part represents the whole thing
Syntax
Grammatical structure
Tone
the attitude the author/narrator/speaker has towards the subject
Agency
A person’s control over their own life; autonomy
Motif
A repeated element (key word, idea, phrase, symbol) that contributes to the greater meaning of the story
Contrast
The juxtaposition of opposing elements, thereby highlighting the traits of one or both
Bildungsroman
A coming of age story; typically a young protagonist journeys out into the world and returns changed
Kunstlerroman
The story of the “birth” or development of the artist
Ode
A poem of praise that elevate the subject
Refrain
A key word, phrase, or line that gets repeated throughout a poem
Free Verse
Poetry that does not have any fixed meter or rhyme scheme (though it might rhyme in places) or specific structural rules to follow (this becomes the dominant form of 20th century poetry)
Anaphora
A repeated word or phrase at the beginning of lines
Catalog
A list of items
Perspectivalism
The idea or belief that perspective influences understanding; different perspectives will understand things differently
Aesthetics
The stylistic choices an author makes
Couplet
A consecutive pair of rhymed lines
Intersectionality
A convergence of different aspects of one’s identity that forms a unique identity with particular features/pressures/conflicts distinct from the individual identities that converge
Enlightenment
belief in rational thought and empiricism (believeing what you can see); proof of God is in the natural world
Direct Discourse
Dialogue, the narrator relays the character’s thoughts through the character’s own words
Indirect Discourse
The narrator relays a character’s thoughts without exact words
Free Indirect Discourse
narrator taps into the character’s mind to represent the character’s thoughts
Juxtaposition
the placing of elements next to each other
Modernism
sense of increasing fracturing and fragmentation of the self, identity, and relation to society; growing sense of isolation; full understanding is achieved through the collective of perspectives
Transcendentalism
idealist Romantic ideology that is anti-institutions and believes that nature is restorative (godly); believes in individual capabilities
Liminality
The space between clearly demarcated areas of identity and belonging
Metonymy
a type of metaphor in which something closely associated with the thing represents it
Romanticism
idealist ideology that values nature, beauty, and emotion; focuses on nostalgia; values individual to a greater extent
Focalization
(3rd person) narrative through the perspective of a character
Personification
The attribution of personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman