AP Physics 1 Review

Flashcards for Physics 1 review, covering kinematics, mechanics, fluids, and constants.

V=Vo+at

Final velocity equals initial velocity plus acceleration times time.

v²=vo²+2a(x-xo)

Kinematic equation relating final velocity squared to initial velocity squared, acceleration, and displacement.

a

Acceleration

d

Distance

E

Energy

F

Force

J

Impulse

k

Spring Constant

K

Kinetic Energy

m

Mass

p

Momentum

P

Power

r

Radius, distance, or position

t

Time

U

Potential Energy

v

Velocity or Speed

W

Work

x

Position

y

Height

θ

Angle

K=1/2mv²

Kinetic energy equals one half times mass times velocity squared.

W = Fd=Fd cosθ

Work equals Force times distance times cosine theta.

ΔK = ΣWᵢ =ΣFᵢd

Change in kinetic energy equals the sum of the works, which equals sum of the forces times distance.

AUₛ = 1/2k(Δx)²

Spring potential energy equals one half times spring constant k times the change in displacement squared.

U_G=--Gm₁m₂/r

Gravitational potential energy is negative of the gravitational constant times mass 1 times mass 2 divided by the radius

ΔU=mgΔy

Change in gravitational potential energy equals mass times gravity times change in height.

P_avg=ΔE/Δt

Average power equals change in energy divided by change in time.

P_inst=Fv=Fv cosθ

Instantaneous power equals force times velocity times cosine theta.

p = mv

Momentum equals mass times velocity.

μ

Coefficient of Friction

ω=ω₀+αt

Final angular velocity equals initial angular velocity plus angular acceleration times time.

θ = θ₀ + ω₀t+1/2αt²

Angular displacement equals initial angular displacement plus initial angular velocity times time plus one half times angular acceleration times time squared.

ω²=ω₀²+2α(θ-θ₀)

Final angular velocity squared equals initial angular velocity squared plus two times angular acceleration times the change in angular displacement.

v=rω

Linear velocity equals radius times angular velocity.

a_t=rα

Tangential acceleration equals radius times angular acceleration

τ=rF=rF sin θ

Torque equals radius times force times sine theta

I=Σmr²

Rotational inertia of a point mass

I'=I_cm+Md²

Parallel axis theorem

Στ_sys

Net Torque

K=1/2Iω²

Rotational kinetic energy equals one half times rotational inertia times angular velocity squared.

W=τΔθ

Work equals torque times change in angular displacement.

L=Iω

Angular momentum equals rotational inertia times angular velocity.

L= rmv sinθ

Angular momentum equals radius times mass times velocity times sine theta.

ΔL=τΔt

Change in angular momentum equals torque times change in time.

Δx =rΔθ

Linear displacement = radius times angular displacement

T=1/f

Period equals one over frequency.

T=2π√(m/k)

Period of a spring

T=2π√(L/g)

Period of a pendulum.

x = Acos(2πft)

Position as a function of time for a simple harmonic oscillator using cosine.

x = Asin(2πft)

Position as a function of time for a simple harmonic oscillator using sine.

α

Angular Acceleration

A

Amplitude or area

f

Frequency

I

Rotational Inertia

l

Length

L

Angular Momentum

M

Mass

P

Pressure

T

Period

V

Volume

y

Vertical position

α

Angular acceleration

ρ

Density

τ

Torque

ω

Angular Speed

ΣF_net

Net Force

ρ=m/V

Density equals mass/volume

Δp=mΔv

Change in momentum equals mass times change in velocity.

ΣF=ΔP/Δt

Net force is equal to change in momentum over change in time

P=F/A

Pressure is equal to the Force/ Area

J=FΔt=Δp

Impulse equals Force times change in time equals change in momentum

v_avg=Σvᵢ/n

Average velocity

P=P₀+ρgh

Pressure equals pressure zero plus density times gravity times height.

P_gauge = ρgh

Gauge pressure equals density times gravity times height.

F_b = ρVg

Buoyant force equals density times volume times gravity.

A₁v₁ = A₂v₂

Area 1 times velocity 1 equals Area 2 times velocity 2.

P₁ + ρgy₁ + 1/2ρv₁² = P₂ + ρgy₂ + 1/2ρv₂²

Bernoulli's equation

G = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ m³/(kg s²) = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ N⋅m²/kg²

Universal gravitational constant

1 atm = 1.0 x 10⁵ N/m² = 1.0 x 10⁵ Pa

Standard atmosphere in pascals

g = 9.8 m/s²

Acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface

g = 9.8 N/kg

Magnitude of the gravitational field strength at the Earth's surface

Hz

Hertz

N

Newton

J

Joule

Pa

Pascal

kg

Kilogram

S

Second

m

Meter

W

Watt