LS241 Final Exam

May 2 1808

Popular uprising against French troops in Madrid

El Motín de Aranjuez, 1808

Uprising against Charles IV, he abdicates throne to Fernando VII

1812

Constitución de Cádiz

Constitución de Cádiz

• Madrid occupied by the French, so parliament leaves the capital and takes refuge in Cadiz

• In the absence of the king, they wrote a constitution

• Payne: “The great European liberal constitution of the early nineteenth century … the most influential charter of liberalism to be found in Europe during the next two decades.” 

• Herr: “embodied the logical goal of enlightened Bourbon policies”

• Was not implemented since Fernando VII returned to power

1820

The First Pronunciamiento

1820-1823

The Liberal Triennium

1823

100,000 sons of Saint Luis - overthrow Liberal Triennium

puts Fernando VII back in power

Council of Verona 1822

France didn’t like Liberal Triennium - plan to overthrow

The First Pronunciamiento: The Liberal Triennium

• Led by RIego

• Abolished privileges and legal exemptions, took power from the Church

• Increased cultivable land and agrarian production

• Believed in the free market

1831

The Shooting of Torrijos

1868

The Glorious Revolution, end of Reign of Isabella II

Disamortization

• initiative led by Isabella II, in order to increase agriculture and fuel the economy

• taking land from the Church and giving it to the people

• failed since the land was sold back to the rich and the Church

Amadeo de Saboya

reigns 1870-1873, elected after the end of Isabel II’s reign, originally from Italy, steps down in 1873

1873

Establishment of the First Republic of Spain, lasts until Dec 1874

1874

Coup d’Etat by Martinez Campos, ends First Republic —> starts Restoration period

2nd Pronunciamiento

• General Martinez Campos

• Ends First Spanish Republic

• Restores Alfonso XII as monarch, Restoration period

Restoration

• reinstitution of Alfonso XII after the first Spanish Republic

• starts in 1874

1876

New Constitution of Spain: Alfonso XII created constitutional monarchy- shared power with the congress

Turnismo

• Established by Maria Christina in 1885

• Agreement between Cánovas and Sagasta

1898

The Disaster & the Spanish-American War

El Desastre

• 1898: Spain loses the Spanish-American war

• Cedes possesion of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Phillipines to USA

• led to Spanish identity crisis: need to modernize to keep up with other European countries

1909

The Tragic Week of Barcelona

The Tragic Week

• 1909

• Workers rioted because they were called to fight in the Second Rif War in Morocco.

• The prospect of fighting in a colonial war was unpopular among the populace, which viewed the conflict as serving the interests of the wealthy.

• Wealthy people didn’t have to fight, could buy their way out of getting enlisted.

The Disaster of Annual

• 1921

• In the Rif War in Morocco

• 9,000 Spanish soldiers died and Spain lost all occupied territory in Morocco

• Another hit to Spanish national identity

1931

• Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic

• Established when Primo de Rivera steps down and Alfonso XIII flees Spain to France

• in the municipal elections, the people voted for the republican parties

The Second Spanish Republic

• 1931-1936

• Women allowed to vote in general elections for the first time

• Economic turmoil, substantial debt, and fractious, rapidly changing governing coalitions led to escalating political violence and attempted coups by right and left.

• Surrealism

1936

• general elections in Spain fuck shit up

• Spanish civil war breaks out

Spanish Civil War

• 1936-1939

• Started by a military coup d’etat in July 1936

• Won by Francisco Franco, who was supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy

• The rebels defeated the Republican loyalists, who were backed by the Soviet Union

1937

• April 26th: Guernica is bombed by the Nazis

• World Expo in Paris

• Picasso comissioned to paint Guernica

  • A call for help and aid in the Spanish Civil War

The 3 eras of Francoist Spain

• Autarchy: 1939-1959

• Desarollismo: 1959-1970

• Late Francosim: 1970-1975

1975

• Franco dies, end of dictatorship in Spain

• start of La Transición

La Transición

• 1975-1982

• the spanish transition to democracy: consolidation of the parliamentary system

• established constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I

• attempted coup' d’etat in 1981 by the Civil Guard and Spanish Military (23-F)

  • last serious attempt to revert Spain to Francoist government

• said to have ended after the landslide victory of the PSOE (socialist) in the 1982 general election

1978

• New Spanish Constitution formed

• Adolfo Suarez first President

1981

• 23-F attempted coup d’etat by Civil Guard and military

• last serious attempt to revert Spain to Francoist government

• Juan Carlos I played vital role in foiling it

• King seen as beacon of democracy, stating his full support for Suarez and condemning the coup d’etat 

La Movida

• countercultural movement in Madrid

• 1981-1985 (ends when Spanish gov. adopts movement to try to create Spanish identity)

• very free, explorative, bold, etc.

1982

• Spain hosts World Cup

• mascot: Naranjita💅

1986

• Spain joins CEE (European Economic Community)

• allows for Spain to ender modern world — globalization

  • exploits la movida to demonstrate its progressiveness

1992

1. Barcelona hosts the Olympics

2. World Expo in Seville

3. Madrid named Cultural Capital of Europe

while this marked a great year for Spain, it was ultimately detrimental as the government invested quite a bit of taxpayer money into building new infrastructure that was not used after the Expo & Olympics

1996

• Partido Popular comes to power

• conservative christian

1999

• Spain and the EU adopt the Euro

  • instead of Peseta

March 11, 2004

• Atocha terrorist attack

• Terrorist bombs exploded on commuter trains planted by extremists linked to Al-Qaeda

• 191 civilians die

March 14, 2004

• PSOE (socialist) wins elections and comes to power

• people said results were swayed bc of terrorist attacks 3 days before

2008

financial crisis

15-M

• May 15, 2011

• Popular protest in Plaza del Sol against the Spanish government bailing out corporations rather than helping the citizens

Madrid Agreement

• 1953

• During the Franco Era

• U.S. gets a military base in exchange for recognition of Spain by the EU and the Central Fund

• Signals the transition from an Autarchy into a development context

• “Pledged the United States to furnish economic and military aid to Spain. The United States, in turn, was to be permitted to construct and to utilize air and naval bases on Spanish territory.”

1953

The Madrid Agreement

• Goya, The Disasters of War 1810-1815

• Goya, The Second of May 1808 or The Charge of the Mamelukes 1814

• Goya, The Executions of the Third of May 1808

Pinturas Negras

• Art: Goya, Pinturas Negras 1820-1823

• Paintings found on the walls of his house, unknown context

• A response to the return of absolutism in Spain

Catalonia flag

galicia flag

basque flag

Industrialization

late 1800s in Bilbao and Barcelona