2.8/8.2 Vocab

Cell Respiration

cellular respiration

the most efficient catabolic pathway to create ATP

ATP

adenosine tri-phosphate, the molecule that stores the energy our cells can use in its bonds. The breaking of the bond between the second and third phosphate releases that energy

anaerobic

without oxygen

aerobic

with oxygen

yeast

single celled fungi

respirometer

a device that determines an organism's respiration rate by measuring the rate of exchange of O2 and CO2

invertebrate

an animal without a backbone

germinate

when a seed starts to grow and put out shoots

Oxidation

loss of electrons/gain of oxygen in a redox reaction

reduction

gain electrons/loss of oxygen in a redox reaction

electron carriers

molecules that can collect and transport elections from one location to another

NAD/NADH

an electron carrier

FAD/FADH2

a different electron carrier

phosphorylation

adding a phosphate

endergonic

requiring the absorption of energy

exergonic

releasing energy

glycolysis

first step of the breakdown of glucose, ATP and Pyruvate are final products

pyruvate

a final product of glycolysis

mitochondrion

the organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells

decarboxylation

to remove a carbon

link reaction

the first stage of aerobic respiration where pyruvate enters into the mitocondrian

mitochondrial matrix

the "cytoplasm" of the mitochondria. Contains a lot of enzymes to help reactions

Krebs cycle

a bunch of steps in a cycle that move atoms and electrons around to get the energy from glucose into a usable form (ATP)

cristae

the infolding of membranes in the mitochondria when many of the reactions in cellular respiration take place

oxidative phosphorylation

a process which uses the energy from oxidation to put the third phosphate on an adenosine-di-phosphate

intermembrane space

the space in between the membrane infoldings in the mitochondria

concentration gradient

when there are more particles in one area than another area

chemiosmosis

the process of ATP production using the energy captured from the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain

ATP synthase

the enzyme that can captures the energy from hydrogen molecules waterfalling down a concentration gradient to put the third phosphate on an adenosine-di-phosphate