Cell Respiration
cellular respiration
the most efficient catabolic pathway to create ATP
ATP
adenosine tri-phosphate, the molecule that stores the energy our cells can use in its bonds. The breaking of the bond between the second and third phosphate releases that energy
anaerobic
without oxygen
aerobic
with oxygen
yeast
single celled fungi
respirometer
a device that determines an organism's respiration rate by measuring the rate of exchange of O2 and CO2
invertebrate
an animal without a backbone
germinate
when a seed starts to grow and put out shoots
Oxidation
loss of electrons/gain of oxygen in a redox reaction
reduction
gain electrons/loss of oxygen in a redox reaction
electron carriers
molecules that can collect and transport elections from one location to another
NAD/NADH
an electron carrier
FAD/FADH2
a different electron carrier
phosphorylation
adding a phosphate
endergonic
requiring the absorption of energy
exergonic
releasing energy
glycolysis
first step of the breakdown of glucose, ATP and Pyruvate are final products
pyruvate
a final product of glycolysis
mitochondrion
the organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells
decarboxylation
to remove a carbon
link reaction
the first stage of aerobic respiration where pyruvate enters into the mitocondrian
mitochondrial matrix
the "cytoplasm" of the mitochondria. Contains a lot of enzymes to help reactions
Krebs cycle
a bunch of steps in a cycle that move atoms and electrons around to get the energy from glucose into a usable form (ATP)
cristae
the infolding of membranes in the mitochondria when many of the reactions in cellular respiration take place
oxidative phosphorylation
a process which uses the energy from oxidation to put the third phosphate on an adenosine-di-phosphate
intermembrane space
the space in between the membrane infoldings in the mitochondria
concentration gradient
when there are more particles in one area than another area
chemiosmosis
the process of ATP production using the energy captured from the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain
ATP synthase
the enzyme that can captures the energy from hydrogen molecules waterfalling down a concentration gradient to put the third phosphate on an adenosine-di-phosphate