BAPS70po

Politics

the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations between individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status

Comparative Politics

the study of political experience within more than one nation-state for the purpose of making systematic comparisons.

Comparative Politics

the study of domestic politics, political institutions, and conflicts between the two countries.

Politics

about making agreements between people so that they can live together in groups such as tribes, cities, or countries

comparative politics

combines the study of comparison of political experience, institutions, behavior, and processes of the systems of government in two or more different countries.

comparative politics

use to reduce the tensions or the resolution of conflicts between the two countries.

descriptive studies

To compare (similarities and differences) of the politics of different countries, it's essential to have a descriptive study of them.

historical approaches

we can compare the evolution of the French Parliament or the German Representative Assemblies.

legalistic approaches

we can study the legal power of various branches of government and their relationships with reference to the existing constitutional and legal prescriptions.

parochial

Most of the studies on comparative politics have been done on Western European institutions. So it is essentially parochial.

static

in traditionally comparative politics' study, the dynamic factors like growth and change are ignored.

monographic

The most important studies of foreign political systems have taken the form of monographs that have concentrated on the study of political institutions of one system or the discussion of a particular institution in different systems.

all political structures

This study includes the study of all the formal and informal, governmental, and extra-governmental institutions and their structure.

functional studies

the knowledge of how all the formal and informal institutes work within the country includes in comparative politics.

study of political behavior

the study of voting behavior, political participation, leadership recruitment, elite behavior, mass politics, etc.

study of similarities and differences

How two countries are similar and how are they different from each other

philosophical approach

Oldest approach to the study of politics is philosophical

philosophical approach

It also tries to establish standards of good, right and just.

philosophical approach

to evaluate the consequences of events in a logical and scientific manner

traditional approach

mostly normative and stresses on the values of politics.

traditional approach

Prominence is on the study of different political structures

traditional approach

made very little attempt to relate theory and research.

traditional approach

These approaches consider that since facts and values are closely interlinked, studies in Political Science can never be scientific.

institutional approach

It deals with the formal aspects of government and politics

institutional approach

It is concerned with the study of the formal political structures like legislature, executive, and judiciary.

institutional approach

focused on the rules of the political system, the powers of the various institutions, the legislative bodies, and how the constitution worked.

institutional approach

Main drawback of this approach was its narrow focus on formal structures and arrangements. In far-reaching terms, an institution can be described as 'any persistent system of activities in any pattern of group behaviour. More concretely, an institution has been regarded as 'offices and agencies arranged in a hierarchy, each agency having certain functions and powers.

legal approach

It considers the state as the central organization for the creation and enforcement of laws. Therefore, this approach is associated with the legal process, legal bodies or institutions, and judiciary. In this approach, the study of politics is mixed with legal processes and institutions.

legal approach

It treats the state primarily as an organization for creation and enforcement of law

modern approach

These approaches draw conclusion from empirical/factual data.

modern approach

These approaches go beyond the study of political structures and its historical analysis.

modern approach

believe in inter-disciplinary study.

sociological approach

studies are human behaviour including the political behaviour, group behaviour and attitude of group, culture, society.

economic approach

it is established that the policy formulations of economic nature and determination of the principles of planning which has recently become a part of the governmental activity are done by the government. In majority of the countries, public issues are economic issues and sometimes the only actors are the personnel of the government such as the prime minister, president and other ministers.

quantitative approach

This approach is also known as statistical approach. It is described as the use of numerical data so as to impart exactitude to the process of describing and analysing political phenomenon.

system approach

This approach describes the relationship of political life with other aspects of social life. The idea of a system was initially borrowed from biology by Talcott Parsons who first promoted the concept of social system.

system approach

This approach signified that a political system operates within the social environment.

system approach

Influences from the society, be it economic, religious or otherwise, do shape the political process.

simulation approach

study with help of image construction or model building. Such facts are used in political communication, decision making and game theory.

simulation approach

According to this approach, politics and government appear in essence as processes of steering and coordinating human efforts towards the attainment of some goals

simulation approach

Decision Making Approach is another example of...

behavioral approach

stresses scientific, objective and value-free study of the political occurrences as conditioned by the environment, firmly the behaviour of the individuals involved in that phenomena.

behavioral approach

focuses on the role of the behaviour of the individual at various levels and the scientific analysis.

behavioral approach

the development of method against traditional political science which did not take into account if human behaviour as an actor in politics.

marxian approach

economics, culture and ideology are all inseparably interweaved. The 'forces of production' at a particular stage of historical development, are harmonized by definite 'relations of production' that characterize the society.

structural functional approach

These approaches accentuate the structures and functions. Gabriel Almond was an advocate of this approach. He described political systems as a special system of interaction that exists in all societies performing certain functions.

communication theory approach

This approach examines how one segment of a system affects another by sending messages or information. Robert Weiner first defined this approach.

communication theory approach

This approach treats the government as the decision making system.

regularities

This approach believes that there are certain consistencies in political be haviour which can be expressed in generalizations or theories in order to elucidate and predict political phenomena.

verification

The behaviouralists do not want to accept everything as established. Therefore, they stress testing and verifying everything. According to them, if phenomenon is not verified then it will not be scientific.

techniques

The behaviouralists stress on the use of those research tools and methods which generate valid, reliable and comparative data. A researcher must make use of refined tools like sample surveys, mathematical models, simulation.

quantification

After collecting data, the researcher should measure and quantify those data

values

The behaviouralists have emphasised on separation of facts from values. They believe that to do objective research, one has to be value free. It means that the researcher should not have any pre-conceived idea or a prejudiced view.

systematization

According to the behaviouralists, research in Political Science must be systematic. Theory and research should go together.

pure science

Another feature of behaviouralism has been its aim to make Political Science a "pure science". It believes that the study of Political Science should be verified by evidence.

integration

behaviouralists stated that political Science should not be detached from various other social sciences such as history, sociology and economics. This approach denotes that political events are formed by various other factors in the society and therefore, it would be incorrect to separate Political Science from other disciplines.

psychological approach

studies the behaviour, attitude of the voter and after studying various aspects, the researchers draw conclusions which very often serve the purpose of political leaders. Presently, political scientists are eager to know how motives and emotions work in the field of political activity. Sometimes, the psychologists focus upon the group behaviour.