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Electric field
E=F/q or E=\frac{q}{4\pi\varepsilon_0r^2}r ← outside r is a vector between charges
Coulomb’s law
F=\frac{qQ}{4\pi\varepsilon_0r^2} (on formula sheet)
Electric flux
\phi=EA\cos\theta
Or
\phi=\int_{S}^{.}E\cdot dA=\frac{\sum q}{\varepsilon_0} (in formula book)
Gauss’ law
The total electric flux out of a closed surface is proportional to the net charge enclosed
\phi=\frac{Q}{\varepsilon_0}
Electric field for point charge
E=\frac{q}{4\pi\varepsilon_0r^2}
Electric field for a charged plate/ sheet of charge
E=\frac{\sigma}{2\varepsilon_0}
\sigma is surface charge density
Electric potential/ potential difference
In formula book
Electric potential is gauss’ law is not suitable
Sum then together
Potential for electric dipole
V=\frac{qd\cos\theta}{4\pi\varepsilon_0r^2}
Isolated conductors
electric field everywhere inside must be zero
electric field outside is perpendicular to the surface
any net charge must lie at the surface