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Human Brain
Highly developed mammalian brain with a larger cerebral cortex for complex intelligence and cognitive processes.
Lizard Brain
Primitive brain structure (reptilian brain or hindbrain) regulating involuntary body functions like heart rate and breathing.
Mammalian Brain
Brain between reptilian and human brain, controlling voluntary body movements, sensory perception, and emotional processing.
Cerebrum
Brain division responsible for higher cognitive functions like memory, thought, and emotion.
Brainstem
Brain division controlling involuntary body functions and vital systems like heart rate and respiration.
Cerebral Cortex
Outermost layer of the cerebrum responsible for sensory perception, cognition, and voluntary motor control.
Gyri
Ridges of the cerebral cortex increasing brain surface area for efficient information processing.
Sulci
Crevices between gyri allowing the brain to expand and contract.
Fissures
Major fissures include longitudinal (separating brain hemispheres), transverse (separating lobes), and lateral (separating lobes).
Four Lobes of the Brain
Frontal lobe (executive functioning), parietal lobe (sensory processing), occipital lobe (visual processing), and temporal lobe (auditory processing).
Medulla Oblongata
Lowest brainstem section controlling functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion.
Pons
Brainstem structure above medulla oblongata, receiving sensory information and controlling involuntary movements.
Reticular Formation
Network of nerve cells in brainstem regulating sensory information filtering, sleep, and consciousness.
Thalamus
Brain region acting as a relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex, aiding in communication and consciousness regulation.
Amygdala
Brain region involved in emotional and memory processing, especially emotional memories, fear, and anxiety.
Hypothalamus
Brain region regulating physiological functions like hormone release, body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and circadian rhythms.
Cranial Nerves
Twelve nerves with various functions, including optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal nerves.