Unit 8: British Columbia 낱말 카드 | Quizlet

What geographic region does Chapter 9 focus on?

British Columbia.

Who is the author of the textbook chapter on British Columbia?

Robert M. Bone.

What major natural site in British Columbia is accessible only by hiking?

Lake O'Hara in Yoho National Park.

Why is international trade critical to British Columbia's economy?

BC's geographic position at the crossroads of Asia and North America makes trade a fundamental economic driver.

What major event in 2020 affected global trade including BC's economy?

COVID-19 pandemic and rise of protectionism.

What energy resource is expected to anchor BC's future economy?

Natural gas, particularly liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports to Asia.

What traditional industry in BC is losing economic significance?

Forestry.

What is the concept of "Cascadia"?

A regional sense of political and economic alignment between British Columbia and the US Pacific Northwest.

How is BC's relationship with Ottawa historically characterized?

Strained and distant due to geographical and political differences.

What symbolizes BC's shift to a modernized economy before COVID-19?

Its entrance into the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

What is the Fourth Industrial Revolution according to Klaus Schwab?

The fusion of technologies blurring the lines between physical, digital, and biological spheres.

What are BC's four main exports?

Lumber, pulp, natural gas, and coal.

What is the Trans Mountain Pipeline project about?

Expanding oil transport from Alberta to BC's coast for export.

Why is there strong opposition to the Trans Mountain Pipeline?

Environmental risks of oil spills and Indigenous land rights issues.

What is the population of British Columbia?

Nearly 5 million people.

What is BC's share of Canada's total population?

About 13%.

Which city is the third-largest in Canada and a symbol of BC's growth?

Greater Vancouver.

Which Asian countries are BC's major trade partners?

China, Japan, and South Korea.

What port is growing to rival Vancouver's shipping importance?

The Port of Prince Rupert.

What city is being developed into a major LNG export port?

Kitimat.

How does orographic precipitation affect BC's climate?

It causes heavy rainfall on the west coast but leaves the interior dry.

What is the "Pineapple Express"?

Warm, moist air from Hawaii bringing heavy rain to BC's coast.

What part of BC's economy suffered due to COVID-19-related trade restrictions?

Exports, especially lumber and resource products.

What treaty led Spain to surrender claims to BC's coast?

The Nootka Convention of 1794.

What historic explorer sailed into Nootka Sound in 1778?

Captain James Cook.

What early conflict reflected Indigenous resistance in BC?

The Chilcotin War of 1864.

When was British Columbia created as a colony?

1858.

What event led BC to enter Confederation in 1871?

The promise of a transcontinental railway.

Where was the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway driven?

Craigellachie, BC.

What major geological risk threatens BC?

A megathrust earthquake from the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate.

What proportion of land in BC is suitable for agriculture?

Only about 2%.

What legislation protects BC's agricultural land?

The Provincial Agricultural Land Commission Act (1973).

What region in BC has desert-like conditions?

The Interior Plateau, including the Thompson and Okanagan valleys.

What major industries emerged in BC after WWII?

Forestry, mining, and manufacturing.

What is the Great Bear Rainforest known for?

Being a successful model of balancing conservation with economic activity.

What 2018 project was federally approved to boost BC's LNG exports?

The LNG Canada Project.

What ethnic group makes up the largest visible minority in Greater Vancouver?

Chinese Canadians.

What historical event challenged BC's Indigenous land claim extinguishment?

The 1973 Calder case.

What earthquake magnitude hit Haida Gwaii in 1949?

Magnitude 8.1.

What was the Alaska Boundary Dispute about?

Territorial claims between Canada and the US over access to Yukon and the Klondike.

What is the foundation of British Columbia's modern economy?

A combination of natural resource development and an advanced knowledge-based economy.

Which port handles most of British Columbia's trade?

The Port of Vancouver.

What was BC's export value record in 2018?

$46.5 billion.

What two resources led BC's exports in 2019?

Forest products and coal.

Which country remains BC's largest export partner despite a declining share?

The United States.

What major trade trend occurred between 2001 and 2019 for BC?

Increase in exports to China, decrease to the US.

What type of cargo is growing fastest in BC ports?

Container traffic.

Why is Prince Rupert's port strategically important?

It provides the shortest shipping route between North America and Asia.

What percentage of BC's labor force is employed in the tertiary sector?

About 80%.

What technology has advanced natural gas extraction in BC?

Horizontal drilling combined with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (fracking).

What large tech companies have expanded operations in Vancouver?

Microsoft, Sony Pictures, and Shopify.

What is Radarsat Constellation Mission?

A satellite surveillance system developed by MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates for Arctic monitoring.

What economic sectors dominate Metro Vancouver's economy today?

Technology, entertainment, and service industries.

What are BC's three major high-growth industries today?

Shipbuilding, filmmaking, and natural gas.

What company operates a major shipyard in Vancouver?

Seaspan Shipyards.

How much was Seaspan awarded for building two supply ships in 2020?

$2.4 billion.

What nickname is given to Vancouver's booming film industry?

Hollywood North.

How much did Vancouver's film sector generate in 2018?

$3.6 billion.

What drilling technique unlocks shale gas in BC?

Long-reach horizontal drilling combined with fracking.

Which major gas fields are located in British Columbia?

Montney, Horn River, and Liard Basins.

What forest regions dominate BC's landscape?

Coastal rainforest and Interior boreal forest.

What insect outbreak devastated BC's forests?

The mountain pine beetle infestation.

Why has forestry declined as BC's economic anchor?

Mechanization, environmental challenges, and global market shifts.

What US policy excludes softwood lumber from NAFTA and USMCA?

To allow the US to impose duties protecting American lumber producers.

What was the 2020 WTO ruling regarding US tariffs on Canadian lumber?

The tariffs must be withdrawn.

What percentage of BC's economy is now forestry-based?

Only about 2.9%.

What renewable resource powers most of BC's electricity?

Hydroelectricity.

Name BC's three major Peace River hydro projects.

W.A.C. Bennett Dam, Peace Canyon Dam, and Site C.

What river's treaty with the US led to major dam building in BC?

The Columbia River (Columbia River Treaty, 1964).

What controversial hydro project will flood Treaty 8 First Nations' lands?

Site C Dam.

Why is LNG (liquefied natural gas) favored over oil pipelines in BC?

Natural gas evaporates if spilled and has less environmental impact than bitumen.

What is LNG Canada?

A multinational project building a natural gas pipeline and export terminal in Kitimat.

What collapsed major mining environmental disaster occurred in 2014?

The Mount Polley tailings dam breach.

What caused the Mount Polley mine disaster?

A tailings dam failure releasing toxic waste into rivers and lakes.

What economic sectors are most important for BC's mining industry?

Coal and copper.

What challenge does BC's fishery industry face today?

Overexploitation of wild salmon stocks.

What is the "tragedy of the commons" in the context of BC's fisheries?

Unregulated salmon harvesting across national borders threatens salmon survival.

What is Metro Vancouver's role in BC's population?

It houses over 70% of BC's population and is the urban economic core.

What universities contribute to Metro Vancouver's knowledge economy?

University of British Columbia (UBC) and Simon Fraser University (SFU).

Why is Vancouver's housing market considered problematic?

It's one of the least affordable housing markets globally, driven by foreign investment and limited supply.