explain the role of agencies in social control

aims and objectives of the police (add the act)

-keep the peace and maintain order

-protect life and property

-prevent, detect and investigates crime

-bring offenders to justice

police and criminal evidence act

philosophy of the police

-basic mission of police is to prevent crime and disorder

-polices ability to perform their duties depends on the publics cooperation

-the use of physical force is a last resort

-police’s duty is to impartially serve the law

fundings of the police

-2020/21 police budget was £15.2 billion

-2/3 cps from central government

-1/3 come from council tax

a small amount from charging for services such as policing football matches

2010-2018 police funding fell 19% which lead to a decrease of 20,000 police number leading to 2020 of having 123,000 police officers

working practice for police

39 regional police forces in England and 4 Wales -local reach

specialist police organisation such as border force- national reach

who founded the police

sir Robbert peel in 1829 where he had principles embedded in the police code of ethics

aims and objectives of the CPS

-advising police In their investigations about lines of inquiry and the evidence needed to build a case

-independently assessing the evidence submitted

-deciding whether to prosecute and which charges should be used

philosophy of the CPS

-independence and fairness: prosecuting without bias and always seeking to deliver justice

-honesty and openness

-treating everyone with respect

-behaving professionally and strive for excellence

-equality and inclusion

funding in the CPS

-comes from the government = half a billion per year

-cps recovers some of its costs when the courts award costs agains the defendants

-suffered significant funding cuts by 25% in 2018 and lost 1/3 of their staffing

working practices for the CPS

national body throughout England and Wales with 14 regional area teams prosecuting cases locally

headed by chief crown prosecution

what act falls under the cps

prosecution of offences act 1985

aims and objectives of the judiciary

crown courts: judges manage the trial, ensuring fairness to all parties, explaining legal issues and procedures to members of the jury.

Appeals: judges must make rulings on the appeals that came before them from lower courts in the hierarchy.

philosophy of the judiciary

judicial independence:

-free from government interference in their decisions

-impartiality (not showing favour to one side or the other)

-integrity

-property

-ensuring equal treatment

-competence

-guide to judicial conduct

funding for judiciary

-paid based on the advice of independent body.

-2020 lord chief justice received £262,000 while district judges earned £112,000.

-senior lawyers can earn more than a judge

working practice of the judiciary

-security if tenure- they cannot be removed from office except by a petition to the king passed by both houses of parliament

-salary is guaranteed

-Supreme Court nation wide jurisdiction

-lower courts have local reach (crown court and magistrates)

aims and objectives of prisons?

-to protect the public from harm

-to rehabilitate offenders so they can contribute to society positively

-to hold prisoners securely and implement the sentence and order of the court.

philosophy of prisons ?

-HM prisons and probation service is a government agency

-purpose is ‘preventing victims by changing the lives of offenders

funding for prisons

-prisons are paid for by the government from general taxation

-2018 budget was £3 billion decrease of 16% in 2010

-15% fall in staff between 2010 and 2018

-2020 1/3 of staff had less than 3 years experience

working practice for prison

-2019 total of 121 prisons had around 80,000 prisoners

-106 were public sectors run by government and 15 were private run by Sodexo, G4s, and Serco.

requirements for the national probation service

-work unpaid for 300 hours

-an exclusion order or curfew or a residency requirement, group program

aims and objectives of national probation service

priority is to protect the public by rehabilitating offenders, by tackling cause of crime.

-offenders serving a sentence in the community following a community order by the court.

-offenders released from prison on licence: before the end of their sentence, the license has requirements attached and is supervised by the probation service.( assessing prisoners to prepare them for their release on licence back into the community.)

philosophy of the national probation service

-belief that offenders can change for the better

-belief ‘the worth and dignity of the individual.’

-a commitment to social justice, social inclusion, equality and diversity

funding of the national probation service

-2018 budget of £4.6 billion

-provided by the government and general taxation.

-paid for meeting rehabilitation target 19/21 missed their target.

-2018-£342 million had been spent on CRC. 2020- £500 million more the expected. 2022- organised into 12 regions including 11 English plus Wales

working practice of the national probation service

250,000 offenders on probation

-preparing pre-sentence reports for the courts to help select the most appropriate sentence for individual offences.

-managing approved premises for offenders whose sentence includes a residence requirement.

-helping the offender serving in communities to meet the court order requirement

aims and objectives of charities and pressure groups

provide a range of services :

-housing : 3000 tenants in its own properties also provide bail accommodation 2018-2,600

-education: 2018 4,900 people studied through Narco’s education service

-resettlement advice: provides support and advice about employment, education, and accommodation.

-outreach projects: to keep young people from offences

philosophy of charities and pressure groups

sees them as a social justice charity seeking to change lives, strengthen communities and prevent crime, aims to overcome the stereotypical view of ex-prisoners

funding for charities and pressure groups

income is around £50 million a year from public donations, government grants and contracts for providing services for ex-offenders and others

working practices for charities and pressure groups

Narco is a national organisation with local actives and projects in around 50 different ports of England and Wales