APHG Chapter 3

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53 Terms

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Most people migrate for 3 things

1. Political freedom

2. economic opportunities

3. environmental comfort

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Distance

A. Internal migration

B. International migration

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Internal migration
Move within your own country
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Interregional
one region to another region
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LDC=

rural to urban=search for job

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MDC=

urban to attractive rural areas

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Intraregional

within one region

2. Mostly within a urban cente

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MDC=

urban center to suburbs

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International migration

from 1 country to another country

A. Voluntary migration

B. Forced Migration

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Voluntary migration

chose to move to another country

Economic reasons=jobs

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Forced migration

compelled to move...may not want to

Political factors: war, genocide, government, slavery

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3 main immigration eras in US

1. Colonial settlements in 1600/1700

2. Mass European Immigration 1800/1900

3. Asian and Latin American 1900/2000

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1. Colonial settlements in 1600/1700

European and Africans

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2. Mass European Immigration 1800/1900

German, Irish, Italians, Scandinavian

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3. Asian and Latin American 1900/2000

Chinese, India, Vietnam, Mexico

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Stage 1
Hunter & Gatherers: migration for food
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Stage 2

HIgh population in home country

- International emigration

- Interregional migration

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Stage 3

Stage 2 migrants

Internal Migrants= city to suburbs

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Internal Migrants=

city to suburbs

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Pre-1800= Stayed on the Atlantic Coast

-Depended on shipping

- Native American Attacks

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1800-1840=Crossing the Appalachian Mount.=Eerie Canal=NY to Great Lakes

Canal=Easier Transportation

Pioneers went over Appalachian Mount.

Cheap lands in Ohio

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1850-1890=Gold Rush California=passed over the Great Plains
Too dry=high farming
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1900-1940=Great Plains...not so bad

Windmills/well-drilling=water available

Used bared wire(no need for tree fencing

Steel Plow= easier to farm

European immigrants

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Steel Plow=

easier to farm

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1950-Today=Movin South

Warmer climate for Elderly

Job opportunities=cheaper pay

New industries developed in South

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Political Push factor

Forced Migration- War/Slavery/ Genocide

Pushes people to leave their home

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Political Pull Factor

Uncorrupt Govt./Freedom

Attract people to a country

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Environmental Push factor

Hazardous region

Usually from too much water

Too much=floods

Too little= drought

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Environmental Pull Factor

Attractive environment

Good farming

Mountains/Seaside=pretty and good climate

Warm climates=retirement

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Economic Push Factor

Places with no jobs

Interregional migration

International migration

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Economic Pull Factor

Places with jobs

MDC's/Rich countries have jobs

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Two types of obstacle for migration

1. Physical

2. Political

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Physical

Original obstacle

-Landscape like mountains

- long trips

-sailing over oceans

Mass transportation=easier/faster migration

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Mass transportation=

easier/faster migration

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Politics

Major obstacle today

Countries want to:

a. Limit # of people coming in

b. Know who is in the country

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Quotas
the max number of people that are allowed to immigrate into a country
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Two types of immingration

1. Legal

2. Illegal/Unauthorized

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The 3 ways of legal immigration

A. Refugee

B. Brain Drain

C. Chain Migration

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Refugee

People escaping persecution in home country

-Government in new country allows people to enter

- humanitarian decision

- likely to die otherwise

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Brain Drain
skilled/educated workers from around the world
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Chain migration

1 person enters legally

- likely to die otherwise

- legal reunification

- brings rest of family afterwards

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Emigration
out-migration=people leaving the country
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Immigration
in-migrant=people entering the country
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Net migration
the difference between the number of in-migrants
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Immigrants-emigrant=

net migration

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Step migration
migration carried out in stages
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Seasonal Migration
migration based on time of year
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Agricultural workers

"Winter-Texans/Snow birds"

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Return Migrantion

migrants returning to origin after moving

Common at retirement age

Be close to family

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Internally displaced person
someone who remains in home country despite persecution
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Repatriated migrant
a refugee who has returned to home country
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Counterurbanization

MIGRATION TO RURAL AREAS AND SMALL TOWNS FROM CENTRAL CITIES OR SUBURBS Urban-> rural

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STAGE TWO OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL INCLUDES BOTH OF THESE TYPES OF MIGRATION.

International migration

Interregional migration