APHG Chapter 3

Most people migrate for 3 things

1. Political freedom

2. economic opportunities

3. environmental comfort

Distance

A. Internal migration

B. International migration

Internal migration

Move within your own country

Interregional

one region to another region

LDC=

rural to urban=search for job

MDC=

urban to attractive rural areas

Intraregional

within one region

2. Mostly within a urban cente

MDC=

urban center to suburbs

International migration

from 1 country to another country

A. Voluntary migration

B. Forced Migration

Voluntary migration

chose to move to another country

Economic reasons=jobs

Forced migration

compelled to move...may not want to

Political factors: war, genocide, government, slavery

3 main immigration eras in US

1. Colonial settlements in 1600/1700

2. Mass European Immigration 1800/1900

3. Asian and Latin American 1900/2000

1. Colonial settlements in 1600/1700

European and Africans

2. Mass European Immigration 1800/1900

German, Irish, Italians, Scandinavian

3. Asian and Latin American 1900/2000

Chinese, India, Vietnam, Mexico

Stage 1

Hunter & Gatherers: migration for food

Stage 2

HIgh population in home country

- International emigration

- Interregional migration

Stage 3

Stage 2 migrants

Internal Migrants= city to suburbs

Internal Migrants=

city to suburbs

Pre-1800= Stayed on the Atlantic Coast

-Depended on shipping

- Native American Attacks

1800-1840=Crossing the Appalachian Mount.=Eerie Canal=NY to Great Lakes

Canal=Easier Transportation

Pioneers went over Appalachian Mount.

Cheap lands in Ohio

1850-1890=Gold Rush California=passed over the Great Plains

Too dry=high farming

1900-1940=Great Plains...not so bad

Windmills/well-drilling=water available

Used bared wire(no need for tree fencing

Steel Plow= easier to farm

European immigrants

Steel Plow=

easier to farm

1950-Today=Movin South

Warmer climate for Elderly

Job opportunities=cheaper pay

New industries developed in South

Political Push factor

Forced Migration- War/Slavery/ Genocide

Pushes people to leave their home

Political Pull Factor

Uncorrupt Govt./Freedom

Attract people to a country

Environmental Push factor

Hazardous region

Usually from too much water

Too much=floods

Too little= drought

Environmental Pull Factor

Attractive environment

Good farming

Mountains/Seaside=pretty and good climate

Warm climates=retirement

Economic Push Factor

Places with no jobs

Interregional migration

International migration

Economic Pull Factor

Places with jobs

MDC's/Rich countries have jobs

Two types of obstacle for migration

1. Physical

2. Political

Physical

Original obstacle

-Landscape like mountains

- long trips

-sailing over oceans

Mass transportation=easier/faster migration

Mass transportation=

easier/faster migration

Politics

Major obstacle today

Countries want to:

a. Limit # of people coming in

b. Know who is in the country

Quotas

the max number of people that are allowed to immigrate into a country

Two types of immingration

1. Legal

2. Illegal/Unauthorized

The 3 ways of legal immigration

A. Refugee

B. Brain Drain

C. Chain Migration

Refugee

People escaping persecution in home country

-Government in new country allows people to enter

- humanitarian decision

- likely to die otherwise

Brain Drain

skilled/educated workers from around the world

Chain migration

1 person enters legally

- likely to die otherwise

- legal reunification

- brings rest of family afterwards

Emigration

out-migration=people leaving the country

Immigration

in-migrant=people entering the country

Net migration

the difference between the number of in-migrants

Immigrants-emigrant=

net migration

Step migration

migration carried out in stages

Seasonal Migration

migration based on time of year

Agricultural workers

"Winter-Texans/Snow birds"

Return Migrantion

migrants returning to origin after moving

Common at retirement age

Be close to family

Internally displaced person

someone who remains in home country despite persecution

Repatriated migrant

a refugee who has returned to home country

Counterurbanization

MIGRATION TO RURAL AREAS AND SMALL TOWNS FROM CENTRAL CITIES OR SUBURBS Urban-> rural

STAGE TWO OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL INCLUDES BOTH OF THESE TYPES OF MIGRATION.

International migration

Interregional migration