Rhetoric

Logos

Text: persuading through rationality, supporting evidence or data, the literal content

Ethos

Author: an appeal from the author’s character

Pathos

Audience: appeals to the values or emotions of the audience

Kairos

Timing: the time/context of the speech, created or taken advantage of

Telos

Purpose: reason for being, what does author/text want from me and what do I want from it?

Simple sentence

A single independent clause plus any modifying phrases

Compound sentence

Two independent clauses plus any modifying phrases, linked by FANBOYS or a semicolon

Complex sentence

A single independent clause and at least one dependent clause, plus any modifying phrases

Compound-complex sentence

At least two independent clauses plus at least one dependent clause, plus any modifying phrases

Effective fragment

A word or phrase punctuated as a sentence that is not an independent clause

Types of syntax

Natural order (SVO), inverted order (VSO or OVS), periodic sentence (main idea not completed until the end), cumulative sentence (main clause at beginning with cumulative elements after it added for detail), balanced sentence (composed of 2 or more parts the same in weight, grammatical structure, importance)

Anaphora

Repetition of a word or words at the beginning of a sentence

Epistrophe

Repetition of a word or words at the end of a sentence

Symploce

A repetition sandwich (combo of anaphora and epistrophe)

Asyndeton

Omitting conjunction words

Polysyndeton

Overuse of conjunctions

Paralipsis

Saying you aren’t going to mention something but then describing it to bring attention to it

Paranomasia

The use of words similar in sound to achieve a certain effect

Balance

When parallel elements are similar in structure/form

Antithesis

Parallel elements similar in structure, but the function of them is to contrast