HOSA PHYSICAL THERAPY

Practice questions for HOSA Physical Therapy

When was the ADA signed into law?

July 26th, 1990

What is the term for action requiring significant difficulty or expense taking into consideration direct and net cost of accomodations, the facitilies financial resources, number of persons employed and impact of operations.

Undue Hardship

What is the term for an employer excluding a qualified individual from employment if they pose a direct threat to the health and safety of others in the work place. Must be supported by objective or medically supportable methods?

Direct Threat

What government agengies develop rules and regulations for the ADA

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Department of Justice (DOJ).

What is managed care type of organization; contracts with selected doctors, hosptials and pharmacies to create a network of participating providers. You pay less if you use providers that belong to the plan's network.

Preferred Provider Organization

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

A managed care type of insurance plan. Most restrictive. Patient's choose primary physician from within a network of physicians. All care must be coordinated by the primary physician. Either pay physicians a salary or set amount per patient. Must approve treatment you are about to receive.

Pre-Authorization

The process of obtaining coverage approval for a service or medication from the managed care plan

Co-payment

The portion of a fee for health care serves that is the responsibility of the patient

Medical Necessity

Legal term used to determine what services will be provided and paid for. Describes services that are consistent with a diagnosis, meets standards of good medical practice, and are not primarily for the convenience of the patient/provider.

The American Physical Therapy Association

National professional organization designed to foster advancements in physical therapy practice, research and education.

Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education

Serves the public by establishing and applying standards that assure quality and continues improvement in the level preparation of PTs and PTAs.

Medicare A

hospital visits

Medicare B

Outpatient

Medicare C

"medical insurance" Combination of both

Medicare D

Prescription drugs

Medicare level that is;

720 minutes

two separate therapists

one therapy five days a week

one therapy three days a week

Ultra High

Very High

500 minutes (34 units/8.3hrs)

must be given therapy 5 days a week

High

325 minutes (22 units/5.4 hrs)

must average 4.3 total units/day

Medium

325 minutes (22units/5.4hrs)

must average 4.3 total units/day

must be seen 5 days a week

Low

45 minutes of therapy 3 units

Patient must be treated 3 days minute 45 minutes of therapy

-restorative nursing provides atleast two activties daily during at least 6 days week

Standards of Ethical Conduct: Standard \#1

Physical therapist assistants shall respect the inherent dignity and rights of all individuals

Standards of Ethical Conduct: Standard \#2

Physical therapist assistants shall be trustworthly and compassionate in addressing the rights and needs of patients/clients

Standards of Ethical Conduct: Standard \#3

Physical therapist assistants shall make sound decisions in collaboration with the physical therapist and within the boundaries established by laws and regulations

Standards of Ethical Conduct: 4

Physical therapists assistants shall demonstrate integrity in their relationships with patients/clients, families, colleagues, students, other health care providers employers, payers, and to the public

Standards of Ethical Conduct: \#5

Physical therapist assistants shall fulfill their legal and ethical obligations

Standards of Ethical Conduct: Standard 6\#

Physical Therapy assistants shall enhance their competence through the lifelong acquisition and refinement of knowledge, skills and abilities

Standards of Ethical Conduct: Standard \#7

Physical therapy assistants shall support organizational behaviors and business practices that benefit patients/clients in society

Standards of Ethical Conduct: Standard \#8

Physical therapist assistants shall participate in efforts to meet the health needs of people locally, nationally, or globally.

Standards of Conduct: 4E

physical therapist assistant shall not engage in any sexual relationship with any of their patients/clients, supervisees or students

Standards of Conduct: 1A

Physical therapist assistants shall act in a respectful manner toward each person regardless of age, gender, race, nationality, regligion, ethnicity, social or economic status, sexual orientation, health condition or disability

Standards of Conduct: 2A

PTA shall act i nthe best interest of patientsclients over the interests of the PTA

Standards of Conduct: 3C

Physical therapist assistant shall make decisions based upon their level of competence and consistent with patient/client values

Standards of Conduct: 3E

Physical Therapist Assistant shall provide physical therapy services under the direction and supervision of a physical therapist and shall communicate with the physical therapist when patient/client status requires modification to the established plan of care

Standards of Conduct: 6A

Physical therpaist assistnat shall achieve and mainatian clinical competence

Standards of Conduct: 6B

Physical therapist assistant shall engage in lifelong learning consistent with changes in their roles and responsibilities and advances in the practice of physical therapy.

Standards of Conduct: 7D

Physical therapist assistants shall ensure that documentation for their interventions accurately reflects the nature and extent of services provided

Standards of Ethical Conduct \#7B

Physical Therapist assistants shall not accept gifts or other considerations that influence or give an appearance of influencing their decisions

Explanation of Benefits

The report you recieve from your health insurer whenever you recieve a medical service from any provider. It expalins for each service how much was paid to the provider and what your responsibility will be for the deductible and co-insurance

pre-certificaiton

The process of confirming elgibility and collecting information prior to inpatient admissions and selected ambulatory procedures and services

Medical Necessity

Services or items reasonable for the diagnosis or treatment of illness or injury or to improve the functioning of a malformed body member

development milestones

functional goals for a child

education of all handicapped children act (EHCA)

passed in 1975, was that all children age 6 to 21 years of age regardless of disability are entitled to free and appropriate public education

Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)

children from birth till age 5. are able to go to school and you are required to give them the least restrictive environment

development delay

a child that has not attained predictable movement patterns or behavior associated with children of a similar chronologic age

autism

a severe disorder in the group of conditions called PDDs

congenital muscular torticollis (CMT)

one condition that may be associated with these in utero constraints

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

inflammation of connective tissue manifested as a painful inflamed joint

Clubfoot

position of the affected foot, which is turned inward and slanted downward

development dysplasia of the hip

results from abnormal devlopment of structres surrounding the hip joint

Down syndrome

Congenital development disability caused by presence of a extra copy chromosome

Activities of daily living (ADL)

PT for older people to perform activities such as bathing, cooking, and dressing

Instrumentals activities of daily living (IADLs)

For older people to perform activities such as using public transportation and shopping

well ederly

65 years of age or older who are NOT experiencing physical limitations

Frail elderly

people over 65 years of age with conditions that impair daily functions

Presbycusis

Older peoples hearing

Hypokinesis

Decreased activity or movement

Osteoarthritis

Bone joint disease most commonly found in African Americans

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Disease of the immune system that cause chronic inflammation of the joints more common in women 40-60 years of age

Osteoporosis

Common disease in older people its decreased mineralization of the bones

Functional reach test

Measures how FAR the person can reach forward without losing balance

Dynamic balance

How long it takes the older person to walk a set distance

arteriosclerosis

plaque build up in inner wall which decreases elasticity of vessel

myocardial infraction

lack of oxygen due to blockage of blood flow to heart

ishemic

insufficient blood flow

angina

chest pain from ishemia

congestive heart failure

heart is compromised to the point it can not move blood volume effectively

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

group of disorders the produce a chronic productive cough, excessive mucus production, changes in sound when air passes bronchial tube, and shortness of breath

bronchitis

inflammation of bronchi

emphysema

trapping of air in alveoli

peripheral airway disease

collapse of terminal bronchioles

bronchial asthma

spasm like contractions of bronchi

cystic fibrosis

dysfunction of mucus glands, causing blockage of bronchi

restrictive lung disease

decrease in lungs ability to expand causing decrease in the volume of air that can move in and out of the lungs

cardiac muscle dysfunction

various conditions associated with heart failure

coronary heart disease

arteriosclerosis in coronary arteries

inspiration

diaphragm and lungs contract ton increase in space in thoracic cavity

expansion

diaphragm and lungs expand to breath

conducting airways

tubes that transport air to and from the lungs

dyspnea

shortness of breath

spirometer

tool used to measure various volumes and airflow ratio

diagnosis

description of specific disease

prognosis

maximum level of improvement patient will experience

embolus

clot formed by substance detached from elsewhere

respiration

exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between a person and cell

cardiac catheterization

passing of catheter into an artery until it reaches a heart then measures how much pressure is generated in chambers

percutaneous coronary interventions

mechanically dilating a blood vessel

echocardiography

high frequency ultrasound used o asses size of heart chamber pumping ability, and the motion of chamber walls and heart valves

electrocardiogram

assessment of heart rate and rhythm

exercise stress testing

how cardiovascular and pulmonary systems respond to controlled increased activity