APUSH: REVIEW OF UNIT 1
PRE-EUROPEAN ARRIVAL
THE NATIVES IN AMERICA DEVELOPED DISTINCT AND COMPLEX SOCIETIES AND THE SOCIETIES WERE AFFECTED AND SHAPED BY THE ENVIRONMENT THEY LIVED IN .
The natives were a diverse group of people in diverse environments (some permanent some nomadic)
Set up cities, towns-fishing villages and developed trading post
CAUSES OF EUROPEAN ARRIVAL
Political changes in european countries (monarchy), developed upper class desires for luxuries from asia
Muslims controlled the middle east and so europeans had to find a sea based route to asia
Navigation improvements led to voyages
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Wanted to find spices and wealth in asia; proposed his plan to the queen and king of spain
Sailed the Atlantic ocean and landed on the Caribbean islands (he thought outer asia-east indies) in 1492.
After finding great wealth within the natives he went back to Spain to share his findings, which led to rumors of hidden wealth in the new world.
Wanted christian conversion of natives
RESULTS OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS’ LANDING
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE: The exchange of plants, animals, diseases and people between the Europe and the new world.
New world → Europe
Corn, potato
Turkeys
Gold and silver
Europe → new world
Wheat, rice, soybean
Cattle, horses, pigs
Enslaved africans
Diseases (smallpox) - natives who were not exposed to diseases had no immunity
RESULTS IN EUROPE
Exchange of wealth caused economic shift in Europe:
Previous → Feudalism: peasant lived and worked in a noble’s land for protection
Change → more capitalistic system: economic system based on private ownership and free exchange
Ex. of this change
Rise of joint-stock companies : composed of multiple investors for the purpose of making profit
Funded voyages and invested in these voyages for a shared profit between the investors.
SPANISH IN AMERICA
THE SPANISH ESTABLISHED COLONIES IN THE AMERICAS IN ORDER TO EXTRACT WEALTH IN THE FORM OF CASH CROPS AND DIGGING OF GOLD AND SILVER. THEY SUBJECTED THE NATIVE AMERICANS, BY CONVERTING THEM TO CHRISTIANS, INTRODUCING THE CASTE SYSTEM AND EXPLOITING THEM FOR LABOR.
After realization that agricultural could be used to create profit (cash crops)
Implemented the Encomienda System: a labor system that forced the natives to work in exchange for a promise of protection.
However:
Natives were locals and familiar with geography, which made them hard to be subservient
Diseases killed native americans in large numbers
Result:
Brought African americans
Previously interacted with europeans and had immunity
Did not know geography, more likely to be subservient
Casta system: classified people into social classes based on racial ancestry
Living together, brought marriages between natives and the spanish, showing Immersion of two cultures
PRE-EUROPEAN ARRIVAL
THE NATIVES IN AMERICA DEVELOPED DISTINCT AND COMPLEX SOCIETIES AND THE SOCIETIES WERE AFFECTED AND SHAPED BY THE ENVIRONMENT THEY LIVED IN .
The natives were a diverse group of people in diverse environments (some permanent some nomadic)
Set up cities, towns-fishing villages and developed trading post
CAUSES OF EUROPEAN ARRIVAL
Political changes in european countries (monarchy), developed upper class desires for luxuries from asia
Muslims controlled the middle east and so europeans had to find a sea based route to asia
Navigation improvements led to voyages
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Wanted to find spices and wealth in asia; proposed his plan to the queen and king of spain
Sailed the Atlantic ocean and landed on the Caribbean islands (he thought outer asia-east indies) in 1492.
After finding great wealth within the natives he went back to Spain to share his findings, which led to rumors of hidden wealth in the new world.
Wanted christian conversion of natives
RESULTS OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS’ LANDING
THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE: The exchange of plants, animals, diseases and people between the Europe and the new world.
New world → Europe
Corn, potato
Turkeys
Gold and silver
Europe → new world
Wheat, rice, soybean
Cattle, horses, pigs
Enslaved africans
Diseases (smallpox) - natives who were not exposed to diseases had no immunity
RESULTS IN EUROPE
Exchange of wealth caused economic shift in Europe:
Previous → Feudalism: peasant lived and worked in a noble’s land for protection
Change → more capitalistic system: economic system based on private ownership and free exchange
Ex. of this change
Rise of joint-stock companies : composed of multiple investors for the purpose of making profit
Funded voyages and invested in these voyages for a shared profit between the investors.
SPANISH IN AMERICA
THE SPANISH ESTABLISHED COLONIES IN THE AMERICAS IN ORDER TO EXTRACT WEALTH IN THE FORM OF CASH CROPS AND DIGGING OF GOLD AND SILVER. THEY SUBJECTED THE NATIVE AMERICANS, BY CONVERTING THEM TO CHRISTIANS, INTRODUCING THE CASTE SYSTEM AND EXPLOITING THEM FOR LABOR.
After realization that agricultural could be used to create profit (cash crops)
Implemented the Encomienda System: a labor system that forced the natives to work in exchange for a promise of protection.
However:
Natives were locals and familiar with geography, which made them hard to be subservient
Diseases killed native americans in large numbers
Result:
Brought African americans
Previously interacted with europeans and had immunity
Did not know geography, more likely to be subservient
Casta system: classified people into social classes based on racial ancestry
Living together, brought marriages between natives and the spanish, showing Immersion of two cultures
