Human Anatomy Ch 9 study set

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Term for a point where two bones meet

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50 Terms

1

Term for a point where two bones meet

Joint

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2

What is the study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction called

Arthrology

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3

What is the study of movements and mechanics in the body called

Biomechanics

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4

What is the study of musculoskeletal movement called

Kinesiology

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5

Term for immovable joints formed by the fusion of two bones

Bony joints

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6

Term for joints connected by collagen fibers, allowing little to no movement

Fibrous Joints

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7

Name the three types of fibrous joints

Sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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8

Term for Immobile or slightly movable joints of skull bones

Sutures

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9

Term for a joint between a tooth and its socket, held in place by periodontal ligaments

gomphosis

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10

Term for a joint where long collagen fibers bind two bones, allowing slight movement

Syndesmosis

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11

Term for joints connected by cartilage, allowing limited movement

Cartilaginous joints

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12

Term for joints where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage

Synchondroses

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13

Term for joints where bones are joined by fibrocartilage

Symphyses

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14

Term for freely movable joints characterized by a joint cavity

Synovial joints

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15

Term for a structure that encloses the joint cavity

Joint capsule

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16

Term for the inner layer of the joint capsule that produces synovial fluid

Synovial membrane

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17

Term for a lubricant resembling raw egg whites that reduces friction in joints

Synovial fluid

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18

Term for fibrocartilage pads that improve fit between bones in some joints

Articular discs

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19

Name the six classes of synovial joints

Ball and socket, condylar, saddle, plane, hinge, pivot

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20

Term for a joint that allows movement in multiple axes (ex: shoulder)

Ball and Socket joint

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21

Term for a joint that allows movement primarily in one axis (ex: elbow)

Hinge joint

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22

Term for a joint that allows for rotation around a single axis (ex: neck)

Pivot joint

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23

Term for a circular movement at a joint where the distal end moves in a circle

Circumduction

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24

Term for a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

Flexion

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25

Term for a movement that increases the angle between two body parts

Extension

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26

Term for a movement that raises a body part

Elevation

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27

Term for a movement that lowers a body part

Depression

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28

Term for an anterior movement of a body part

Protraction

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29

Term for a posterior movement of a body part

Retraction

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30

What is the difference between external and internal rotation

External rotation moves the anterior surface away from the midline while internal rotation moves it toward the midline

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31

Term for a movement that turns the palm to face anteriorly making the radius and ulna parallel

Supination

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32

Term for a movement that turns the palms to face posteriorly causing the radius to cross the ulna

Pronation

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33

Term for the action of raising the foot at the ankle

Dorsiflexion

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34

Term for the action of pointing the foot downward at the ankle

Plantar flexion

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35

Term for a movement that turns the sole of the foot medially

Inversion

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36

Term for a movement that turns the sole of the foot laterally

Eversion

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37

The joint where the mandibular condyle articulates with the temporal bone

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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38

What is the role of the glenoid labrum

It deepens the socket of the shoulder joint to improve stability

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39

What are the four ligaments of the shoulder joint

Acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, coracoclavicular, and coracohumeral ligaments

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40

What two articulations make up the elbow joint

Humeroulnar and humeroradial

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41

What stabilizes the proximal radioulnar joint

The anular ligament

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42

Fibrocartilage that deepens the socket in the hip joint

Acetabular labrum

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43

What is the function of menisci in the knee

To provide cushioning and stability

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44

What are the four important ligaments of the knee

 Fibular collateral, tibial collateral, anterior cruciate, and posterior cruciate ligaments

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45

What is the primary function of the Achilles tendon

To attach the calf muscles to the heel bone and enable plantar flexion

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46

Inflammation of a joint, leading to pain and stiffness

Arthritis

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47

An autoimmune disease that attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint damage

Rheumatoid arthritis

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48

The most common form of arthritis, characterized by wear and tear on the joints

Osteoarthritis

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49

A surgical procedure to replace a diseased joint with an artificial device

Arthroplasty

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50

What is the role of bursae in joints?

To reduce friction between adjacent structures such as muscles, bones, and tendons

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