Human Anatomy Ch 9 study set

Term for a point where two bones meet

Joint

What is the study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction called

Arthrology

What is the study of movements and mechanics in the body called

Biomechanics

What is the study of musculoskeletal movement called

Kinesiology

Term for immovable joints formed by the fusion of two bones

Bony joints

Term for joints connected by collagen fibers, allowing little to no movement

Fibrous Joints

Name the three types of fibrous joints

Sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

Term for Immobile or slightly movable joints of skull bones

Sutures

Term for a joint between a tooth and its socket, held in place by periodontal ligaments

gomphosis

Term for a joint where long collagen fibers bind two bones, allowing slight movement

Syndesmosis

Term for joints connected by cartilage, allowing limited movement

Cartilaginous joints

Term for joints where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage

Synchondroses

Term for joints where bones are joined by fibrocartilage

Symphyses

Term for freely movable joints characterized by a joint cavity

Synovial joints

Term for a structure that encloses the joint cavity

Joint capsule

Term for the inner layer of the joint capsule that produces synovial fluid

Synovial membrane

Term for a lubricant resembling raw egg whites that reduces friction in joints

Synovial fluid

Term for fibrocartilage pads that improve fit between bones in some joints

Articular discs

Name the six classes of synovial joints

Ball and socket, condylar, saddle, plane, hinge, pivot

Term for a joint that allows movement in multiple axes (ex: shoulder)

Ball and Socket joint

Term for a joint that allows movement primarily in one axis (ex: elbow)

Hinge joint

Term for a joint that allows for rotation around a single axis (ex: neck)

Pivot joint

Term for a circular movement at a joint where the distal end moves in a circle

Circumduction

Term for a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

Flexion

Term for a movement that increases the angle between two body parts

Extension

Term for a movement that raises a body part

Elevation

Term for a movement that lowers a body part

Depression

Term for an anterior movement of a body part

Protraction

Term for a posterior movement of a body part

Retraction

What is the difference between external and internal rotation

External rotation moves the anterior surface away from the midline while internal rotation moves it toward the midline

Term for a movement that turns the palm to face anteriorly making the radius and ulna parallel

Supination

Term for a movement that turns the palms to face posteriorly causing the radius to cross the ulna

Pronation

Term for the action of raising the foot at the ankle

Dorsiflexion

Term for the action of pointing the foot downward at the ankle

Plantar flexion

Term for a movement that turns the sole of the foot medially

Inversion

Term for a movement that turns the sole of the foot laterally

Eversion

The joint where the mandibular condyle articulates with the temporal bone

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

What is the role of the glenoid labrum

It deepens the socket of the shoulder joint to improve stability

What are the four ligaments of the shoulder joint

Acromioclavicular, coracoacromial, coracoclavicular, and coracohumeral ligaments

What two articulations make up the elbow joint

Humeroulnar and humeroradial

What stabilizes the proximal radioulnar joint

The anular ligament

Fibrocartilage that deepens the socket in the hip joint

Acetabular labrum

What is the function of menisci in the knee

To provide cushioning and stability

What are the four important ligaments of the knee

 Fibular collateral, tibial collateral, anterior cruciate, and posterior cruciate ligaments

What is the primary function of the Achilles tendon

To attach the calf muscles to the heel bone and enable plantar flexion

Inflammation of a joint, leading to pain and stiffness

Arthritis

An autoimmune disease that attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint damage

Rheumatoid arthritis

The most common form of arthritis, characterized by wear and tear on the joints

Osteoarthritis

A surgical procedure to replace a diseased joint with an artificial device

Arthroplasty

What is the role of bursae in joints?

To reduce friction between adjacent structures such as muscles, bones, and tendons