Pharmacology of Antidiabetic Agents

A collection of flashcards based on key concepts from the pharmacology of antidiabetic agents lecture.

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or both.

What are the criteria for diagnosing Prediabetes according to A1C levels?

An A1C of 5.7-6.4% (39-47 mmol/mol).

What differentiates Type 1 Diabetes from Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease that often requires immediate insulin; Type 2 Diabetes develops slowly and may not require insulin for survival.

What is Gestational Diabetes?

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy, often in the second or third trimester, and typically resolves after pregnancy.

What are the two mechanisms of action of insulin secretagogues like Glipizide?

Stimulates insulin release from beta cells and suppresses glucagon levels.

What does Metformin do in the body?

Decreases endogenous glucose production and is the first-line therapy for Type 2 diabetes.

What is the action of SGLT2 inhibitors?

They inhibit renal glucose reabsorption, leading to increased glucose excretion in urine.

What are some common adverse effects of sulfonylureas?

Hypoglycemia and weight gain.

What is the primary therapeutic target of insulin therapy?

To mimic the physiological secretion of insulin, addressing basal and prandial glucose levels.

Which hormone is a key incretin that augments insulin secretion after meals?

GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1).