AP PSYCH Unit 5 V2

Depressive disorders

A group of disorders characterized by an enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood, along with physical and cognitive changes that affect a person's ability to function.

Bipolar disorders

A group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Major depressive disorder

A disorder in which a person experiences five or more symptoms lasting two or more weeks, in the absence of drug use or a medical condition.

Persistent depressive disorder

A disorder in which people experience a depressed mood on more days than not for at least two years.

Bipolar I disorder

The most severe form of bipolar disorder, where individuals experience a euphoric, talkative, highly energetic, and overly ambitious state that lasts a week or longer.

Mania

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.

Bipolar II disorder

A less severe form of bipolar disorder in which individuals move between depression and a milder hypomania.

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior.

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Central nervous system abnormalities that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A disorder that appears in childhood marked by limitations in communication and social interaction.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Deinstitutionalization

The process of moving people with psychological disorders out of institutional facilities.

Psychotherapy

Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties.

Biomedical therapy

Prescribed medications or procedures that directly act on a person's physiology.

Eclectic approach

An approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique that involves free associations, resistances, dreams, and transference to release repressed feelings.

Resistance (in psychoanalysis)

The blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

Interpretation (in psychoanalysis)

The analyst's noting of supposed dream meanings and significant behaviors to promote insight.

Transference

The patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.

Psychodynamic therapy

Therapy that derives from the psychoanalytic tradition; seeks to enhance self-insight.

Insight therapies

Therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing awareness of underlying motives.

Person-centered therapy

A humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes active listening within an accepting environment.

Family therapy

Therapy that treats people in the context of their family system.

Confirmation bias

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and ignore contradictory evidence.

Meta-analysis

A statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion.

Evidence-based practice

Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise.

Therapeutic alliance

A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client.

Psychopharmacology

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

Antipsychotic drugs

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other severe thought disorders.

Antianxiety drugs

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.

Antidepressant drugs

Drugs used to treat depressive disorders and related conditions.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A biomedical therapy for severe depression involving brief electric currents sent through the brain.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain.

Psychosurgery

Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior.

Lobotomy

A psychosurgical procedure to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients.

Hypnosis

A social interaction where a hypnotist suggests certain perceptions or behaviors to another person.

Dissociation

A split in consciousness allowing some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously.

Posthypnotic suggestion

A suggestion made during hypnosis to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized.