AP PSYCH Unit 5 V2

44. depressive disorders: a group of disorders characterized by an enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood, along with physical and cognitive changes that affect a person's ability to function. 45. bipolar disorders: a group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.) 46. major depressive disorder: a disorder in which a person experiences five or more symptoms lasting two or more weeks, in the absence of drug use or a medical condition, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. 47. persistent depressive disorder: a disorder in which people experience a de-pressed mood on more days than not for at least two years. (Formerly called dysthymia.) 48. bipolar I disorder: the most severe form, in which people experience a euphoric, talkative, highly energetic, and overly ambitious state that lasts a week or longer. 49. mania: a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common. 50. bipolar II disorder: a less severe form of bipolar in which people move between depression and a milder hypomania.

AP Psychology — Unit 5 Terminology 64. bulimia nervosa: an eating disorder in which a person's binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise, 65. neurodevelopmental disorders: central nervous system abnormalities (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior (as in Intellectual limitations or a psychological disorder). 66. autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors. 67. attention-deficitlhyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity, 68. deinstitutionalization: the process, begun in the late twentieth century, of moving people with psychological disorders out of institutional facilities. 69. psychotherapy: treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of inter- actions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. 70. biomedical therapy: prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology. 71. eclectic approach: an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy. 72. psychoanalysis (technique): Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences — and the analyst's interpretations of them released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. 73. resistance: in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. 74. interpretation: in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting of supposed dream meanings, resistancest and other significant behaviors and events in an effort to promote insight. 75. transference: in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). 76. psychodynamic therapy: therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight. 77. insight therapies: therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. 78. person-centered therapy: a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting AP Psychology — Unit 5 Terminology 64. bulimia nervosa: an eating disorder in which a person's binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise, 65. neurodevelopmental disorders: central nervous system abnormalities (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior (as in Intellectual limitations or a psychological disorder). 66. autism spectrum disorder (ASD): a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors. 67. attention-deficitlhyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity, 68. deinstitutionalization: the process, begun in the late twentieth century, of moving people with psychological disorders out of institutional facilities. 69. psychotherapy: treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of inter- actions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. 70. biomedical therapy: prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology. 71. eclectic approach: an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy. 72. psychoanalysis (technique): Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patients free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences — and the analyst's interpretations of them released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. 73. resistance: in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. 74. interpretation: in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting of supposed dream meanings, resistancest and other significant behaviors and events in an effort to promote insight. 75. transference: in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). 76. psychodynamic therapy: therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight. 77. insight therapies: therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. 78. person-centered therapy: a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting

AP Psychology — Unit 5 Terminology 92. family therapy: therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. 93. confirmation bias: a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. 94. meta-analysis: a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion. 95. evidence-based practice: clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and client characteristics and preferences. 96. therapeutic alliance: a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem. 97. psychopharmacology: the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. 98. antipsychotic drugs: drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders. 99. antianxiety drugs: drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. 100. antidepressant drugs: drugs used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety dis- orders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and posttraumatic stress dis- order. (Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors — SSRls.) 101. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a biomedical therapy for severe depression in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized person, 102. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity 103. psychosurgery: surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior. 104. lobotomy: a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. 105. hypnosis: a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur; in a therapeutic context, the hypnotist attempts to use suggestion to reduce unpleasant physical sensations or emotions. 106. dissociation: a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. 107, posthypnotic suggestion: a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, AP Psychology — Unit 5 Terminology 92. family therapy: therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. 93. confirmation bias: a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence. 94. meta-analysis: a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion. 95. evidence-based practice: clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and client characteristics and preferences. 96. therapeutic alliance: a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem. 97. psychopharmacology: the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. 98. antipsychotic drugs: drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders. 99. antianxiety drugs: drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. 100. antidepressant drugs: drugs used to treat depressive disorders, anxiety dis- orders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and posttraumatic stress dis- order. (Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors — SSRls.) 101. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a biomedical therapy for severe depression in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized person, 102. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity 103. psychosurgery: surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue to change behavior. 104. lobotomy: a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. 105. hypnosis: a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur; in a therapeutic context, the hypnotist attempts to use suggestion to reduce unpleasant physical sensations or emotions. 106. dissociation: a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. 107, posthypnotic suggestion: a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session,

AP Psychology — Unit 5 Terminology to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors, AP Psychology — Unit 5 Terminology to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors,

Note