Poetry Terms Final

form

the distinctive way a poem is laid out on a page

lines

poems are usually divided into \_______; the "sentences" of a poem

stanzas

the arrangement of groups of lines in some poems; the "paragraphs" of a poem

rhyme

a likeness of sounds at the beginning or ends of words

internal rhyme

the use of words that rhyme within a line

end rhyme

the use of words that rhyme at the ends of lines

rhyme scheme

a pattern of end rhymes in a poem

sound devices

the use of words for their auditory effect; can convey meaning, mood, or unify a work

alliteration

the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words

assonance

the repetition of vowel sounds within words and in non rhyming words that gives a poem musical quality, creates mood, reinforces meaning, and emphasizes particular words.

consonance

the repetition of consonant sounds within and at the ends of words

onomatopoeia

the process of creating or using words that imitate sound

the speaker

the voice relates the ideas or story of the poem

imagery

descriptive words or phrases that appeal to the reader's five senses; sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch

figurative language

the language that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary, literal meanings of words

personification

an object, animal, or idea that is given human characteristics

simile

makes a comparison between two things that are basically unlike; using the words like or as or seems

metaphor

makes a direct comparison between two things that are basically unlike

mood

atmosphere of poem; words shape reader's emotional response to poem

tone

author's attitude toward poem's subject

theme

a perception about life or human nature that the writer conveys to the reader

scop

storyteller

written on Old English sometime before the tenth century A.D.

When was beowulf written?

accentual poem

poem that relies on number of beats in a line, not syllables

kenning

"double-yoked" metaphor (two hyphenated words that stand for one word)

pre-literate society

a society before most people could read and write

oral tradition

Literature that passes by word of mouth from one generation to the next.

Epic Poem

a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters dealing with gods or other superhuman forces

Old English (Anglo Saxon) 600-1200 AD

Era of Epic Poems

Ballad

A poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas, having been passed down to the next as apart of folk culture

Britain - Scotland, Ireland, England

Where were ballads written/sung?

pass on stories , celebrate brave deeds

Why were ballads written?

Love, lost love, jealousy, unreturned love

What do ballads reflect?

The Highwayman and Bess, the land lord's daughter

Protagonists of "The HIghwayman" - Alfred Noyes

narrative poem

a form of poetry that is used to tell a story

heroes, superhuman strength, vast, objective

Epic Poem has characteristics of plot centered around ___*, and involved deeds of _*______ and valor, _________ setting. Poet remains ________ and omniscient.

From Medieval to Present

Era of a Ballad

scansion

the process used to analyze poetic rhythm

"Beouwulf" - Unknown

Example of Epic Poem

"The Highwayman" - Alfred Noyes

Example of a Ballad

characteristics of a ballad

This type of poetry is usually anonymous, has short stanzas, passed down by oral tradition, and has a refrain (recurring words/phrases)

early epic poems (Medieval) to the present

Era of a narrative poem

story; poetic devices

The characteristic of a narrative poem are similar to that of a \______ with plot, seting, and characters and not just elements of poetry (form, meter, rhyme, \_______)

Renaissance era (14th century - 17th century)

Era of a Sonnet

sonnet

a poem of fourteen lines using a formal rhyme scheme, in English typically having ten syllables per line.

three; four

The shakespeare sonnet has \_____ quatrains with \_____ line stanzas with each that focuses on ideas/thoughts of the sonnet.

iambic pentameter (unstressed, stressed) , 10 syllables

What is the meter of the shakespearean sonnet? How many syllables?

octave, 8, problem; question

The first part of a Shakespearean sonnet is called an \_________ consisting of \___ lines and presents a \_______ or \_________.

sestet, 6, solution, answer

The last part/ second half of a Shakespearean sonnet is called a \__________ consisting of \_____ lines and presents a \_______ or \_________.

14

A Shakespearean sonnet has a total of \_____ lines.

ababcdcdefefgg

Rhyme scheme of a sonnet (English)

abbaabbacdcdcd

Rhyme scheme of a sonnet (Italian)

iambic foot

unstressed, stressed

trochaic foot

stressed, unstressed

anapestic foot

unstressed, unstressed, stressed

dactylic foot

stressed, unstressed, unstressed

English Renaissance Period

1500-1660 "rebirth"; renewed interest in classical art

Tudor Period

1500-1558; Humanist Movement (thinking for yourself; literature betters society) Thomas More

Elizabethan Period

1558-1603 High Renaissance with music, art, literature, etc emerging and being encouraged by Elizabeth 1.

"Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day" - William Shakespeare

Example of a Sonnet

Ancient Greek to Present

Era of Lyric Poems

Lyric Poem

a short poem with a song-like quality

Characteristics of a Lyric Poem

This type of poem is usually short. Tells of the feelings or emotions of an individual speaker

logical, feelings

The Romantic Poems features emotions over reason come from a rise of people taking a \______ approach to life rather than \______ and nature.

"The Road Not Taken" - Robert Frost (1874-1963)

"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" - William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

Example of Lyric Poem Poem

Unknown

Who wrote Beowulf?

Alfred Noyes (1880-1958)

Who wrote "The Highwayman"

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

Who wrote "Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?"

William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

Who wrote "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"?

Walt Whitman (1819-1892)

Who wrote "Song of the Open Road"?

Robert Frost (1874-1963)

Who wrote "The Road Not Taken"?

Romanticism (late 18th century /1770)

Era of a Romantic Poem

Romantic Poem

a form of poetry that originated in Europe as a movement against the Age of Enlightenment and a rebellion against established social rules/conventions.

Characteristics of Romantic Poem

Shows an appreciation for beauty of nature, emotion over reason, and Interest in folk culture, national & ethnic cultural origins, & the medieval era.

"Song of the Open Road" - Walt Whitman

Example of a Romantic Poem

4 stressed beats

How many beats were in Beowulf per line?

Imagery

What was the most dominant form of figurative language in "The Highwaymen"?

refrain

A line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem.

Renaissance

meaning "rebirth"

William Shakespeare

What prominent author did we study during the Elizabethan Period?

quatrain

4-line stanza

octave

eight line stanza

sestet

six line stanza

couplet

two line stanza

free verse poem

a poem that has no definite rhyme and structure/meter

Culture

customs, arts, social institutions, achievements of a particular social group regarded collectively

Context

The circumstance that form the setting for sone event or idea in a way that helps to give understanding band a way to asses it

brave deeds, values/morals, combo of myth and fact

Why do we pass on stories from generation to generation?

misheard or missing information w/ replaced information or adjustments to fit other scenarios

Why did ballads change over time?

Untitled

What was the original title of Beouwulf?

10%

What percentage of the extant corpus of Old English poetry does Beouwulf represent?

19

Beowulf was only given such a title in the ____ century.

England’s National Epic

Beowulf is also known as ______.