Studied by 46 peopleform
the distinctive way a poem is laid out on a page
lines
poems are usually divided into _______; the "sentences" of a poem
stanzas
the arrangement of groups of lines in some poems; the "paragraphs" of a poem
rhyme
a likeness of sounds at the beginning or ends of words
internal rhyme
the use of words that rhyme within a line
end rhyme
the use of words that rhyme at the ends of lines
rhyme scheme
a pattern of end rhymes in a poem
sound devices
the use of words for their auditory effect; can convey meaning, mood, or unify a work
alliteration
the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words
assonance
the repetition of vowel sounds within words and in non rhyming words that gives a poem musical quality, creates mood, reinforces meaning, and emphasizes particular words.
consonance
the repetition of consonant sounds within and at the ends of words
onomatopoeia
the process of creating or using words that imitate sound
the speaker
the voice relates the ideas or story of the poem
imagery
descriptive words or phrases that appeal to the reader's five senses; sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch
figurative language
the language that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary, literal meanings of words
personification
an object, animal, or idea that is given human characteristics
simile
makes a comparison between two things that are basically unlike; using the words like or as or seems
metaphor
makes a direct comparison between two things that are basically unlike
mood
atmosphere of poem; words shape reader's emotional response to poem
tone
author's attitude toward poem's subject
theme
a perception about life or human nature that the writer conveys to the reader
scop
storyteller
written on Old English sometime before the tenth century A.D.
When was beowulf written?
accentual poem
poem that relies on number of beats in a line, not syllables
kenning
"double-yoked" metaphor (two hyphenated words that stand for one word)
pre-literate society
a society before most people could read and write
oral tradition
Literature that passes by word of mouth from one generation to the next.
Epic Poem
a lengthy narrative poem typically about the extraordinary deeds of extraordinary characters dealing with gods or other superhuman forces
Old English (Anglo Saxon) 600-1200 AD
Era of Epic Poems
Ballad
A poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas, having been passed down to the next as apart of folk culture
Britain - Scotland, Ireland, England
Where were ballads written/sung?
pass on stories , celebrate brave deeds
Why were ballads written?
Love, lost love, jealousy, unreturned love
What do ballads reflect?
The Highwayman and Bess, the land lord's daughter
Protagonists of "The HIghwayman" - Alfred Noyes
narrative poem
a form of poetry that is used to tell a story
heroes, superhuman strength, vast, objective
Epic Poem has characteristics of plot centered around , and involved deeds of ____ and valor, _________ setting. Poet remains ________ and omniscient.
From Medieval to Present
Era of a Ballad
scansion
the process used to analyze poetic rhythm
"Beouwulf" - Unknown
Example of Epic Poem
"The Highwayman" - Alfred Noyes
Example of a Ballad
characteristics of a ballad
This type of poetry is usually anonymous, has short stanzas, passed down by oral tradition, and has a refrain (recurring words/phrases)
early epic poems (Medieval) to the present
Era of a narrative poem
story; poetic devices
The characteristic of a narrative poem are similar to that of a ______ with plot, seting, and characters and not just elements of poetry (form, meter, rhyme, _______)
Renaissance era (14th century - 17th century)
Era of a Sonnet
sonnet
a poem of fourteen lines using a formal rhyme scheme, in English typically having ten syllables per line.
three; four
The shakespeare sonnet has _____ quatrains with _____ line stanzas with each that focuses on ideas/thoughts of the sonnet.
iambic pentameter (unstressed, stressed) , 10 syllables
What is the meter of the shakespearean sonnet? How many syllables?
octave, 8, problem; question
The first part of a Shakespearean sonnet is called an _________ consisting of ___ lines and presents a _______ or _________.
sestet, 6, solution, answer
The last part/ second half of a Shakespearean sonnet is called a __________ consisting of _____ lines and presents a _______ or _________.
14
A Shakespearean sonnet has a total of _____ lines.
ababcdcdefefgg
Rhyme scheme of a sonnet (English)
abbaabbacdcdcd
Rhyme scheme of a sonnet (Italian)
iambic foot
unstressed, stressed
trochaic foot
stressed, unstressed
anapestic foot
unstressed, unstressed, stressed
dactylic foot
stressed, unstressed, unstressed
English Renaissance Period
1500-1660 "rebirth"; renewed interest in classical art
Tudor Period
1500-1558; Humanist Movement (thinking for yourself; literature betters society) Thomas More
Elizabethan Period
1558-1603 High Renaissance with music, art, literature, etc emerging and being encouraged by Elizabeth 1.
"Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day" - William Shakespeare
Example of a Sonnet
Ancient Greek to Present
Era of Lyric Poems
Lyric Poem
a short poem with a song-like quality
Characteristics of a Lyric Poem
This type of poem is usually short. Tells of the feelings or emotions of an individual speaker
logical, feelings
The Romantic Poems features emotions over reason come from a rise of people taking a ______ approach to life rather than ______ and nature.
"The Road Not Taken" - Robert Frost (1874-1963)
"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" - William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
Example of Lyric Poem Poem
Unknown
Who wrote Beowulf?
Alfred Noyes (1880-1958)
Who wrote "The Highwayman"
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Who wrote "Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?"
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
Who wrote "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"?
Walt Whitman (1819-1892)
Who wrote "Song of the Open Road"?
Robert Frost (1874-1963)
Who wrote "The Road Not Taken"?
Romanticism (late 18th century /1770)
Era of a Romantic Poem
Romantic Poem
a form of poetry that originated in Europe as a movement against the Age of Enlightenment and a rebellion against established social rules/conventions.
Characteristics of Romantic Poem
Shows an appreciation for beauty of nature, emotion over reason, and Interest in folk culture, national & ethnic cultural origins, & the medieval era.
"Song of the Open Road" - Walt Whitman
Example of a Romantic Poem
4 stressed beats
How many beats were in Beowulf per line?
Imagery
What was the most dominant form of figurative language in "The Highwaymen"?
refrain
A line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem.
Renaissance
meaning "rebirth"
William Shakespeare
What prominent author did we study during the Elizabethan Period?
quatrain
4-line stanza
octave
eight line stanza
sestet
six line stanza
couplet
two line stanza
free verse poem
a poem that has no definite rhyme and structure/meter
Culture
customs, arts, social institutions, achievements of a particular social group regarded collectively
Context
The circumstance that form the setting for sone event or idea in a way that helps to give understanding band a way to asses it
brave deeds, values/morals, combo of myth and fact
Why do we pass on stories from generation to generation?
misheard or missing information w/ replaced information or adjustments to fit other scenarios
Why did ballads change over time?
Untitled
What was the original title of Beouwulf?
10%
What percentage of the extant corpus of Old English poetry does Beouwulf represent?
19
Beowulf was only given such a title in the ____ century.
England’s National Epic
Beowulf is also known as ______.
Note
Flashcard