7.1 Intelligence (Psychology)

Intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

g (General Intelligence)

the overarching mental ability that influences performance on various cognitive tasks

Multiple Intelligence

theory suggests that individuals possess different types of intelligence beyond traditional measures, -

• such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligences

Growth Mindset

the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and effort

Fixed Mindset

the belief that intelligence is predetermined and cannot be significantly changed

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

numerical measure of an individual's cognitive abilities compared to others in their age group, typically assessed through standardized tests

IQ = (Mental Age/ Chronological Age) x 100

Mental Age

the level of performance typically associated with a certain chronological age

Standardization

the process of establishing consistent testing procedures and norms for administering and scoring psychological assessments

Achievement Tests

assess a person's knowledge or skills in a specific area, such as academic subjects or job-related tasks; They measure what an individual has learned or accomplished

Aptitude Tests

measure a person's potential for learning or mastering specific skills or tasks in the future; they assess innate abilities and predict future performance

Validity “Very Accurate”

the extent to which a test accurately measures what it is intended to measure

Construct Validity

checks if a test really measures what it's supposed to; it helps make sure the test gives the right results for what it's trying to find out

Predictive Validity

shows how well a test can forecast future outcomes or behaviors; it measures if test scores can predict future performance accurately

Reliability “Repeat Results”

consistency in test results over time and among different scorers; it assures that a test yields stable and dependable measurements

Test-Retest Reliability

assesses consistency by administering the same test to the same group twice; it measures how stable scores are over time

Split-Half Reliability

divides a test into two halves and compares scores between them; it measures internal consistency by checking if both halves yield similar results

Flynn Effect

the trend of average IQ scores increases over generations; it suggests a rise in general intelligence due to environmental and cultural factors

Stereotype Threat

the phenomenon where individuals under-perform in situations where they feel at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their social group

Stereotype Lift

the opposite of stereotype threat, occurs when individuals from stereo-typically advantaged groups perform better on tests due to the positive expectations associated with their group