electromagnetism

What is the wave equation for electromagnetic waves?

Wave speed = frequency × wavelength

What phenomenon occurs when light is scattered off a surface?

Reflection

What type of reflection occurs on a matt surface?

Diffuse reflection

What type of reflection occurs on a mirrored surface?

Specular reflection

What happens to light at the boundary of a substance?

It appears to bend due to refraction.

What defines the properties of electromagnetic waves?

Their frequency and wavelength.

What are radio waves primarily used for?

Communication

How does an antenna relate to radio waves?

An antenna's length is proportional to the wave's wavelength.

What do mobile phones use to send and receive signals?

Microwaves

How do microwaves interact with rain?

Microwave radiation is blocked by rain.

What is the primary function of microwave ovens?

To heat food by absorbing energy through water and fat.

What does infrared radiation do to objects?

Causes heating; higher temperatures emit more IR.

What is IR thermography used for?

Imaging surface temperature to detect heat loss or structural flaws.

What are the primary colors of light?

Red, Green, Blue

What is the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on materials?

It can cause materials to fluoresce and shine with visible light.

What are the three main categories of ultraviolet radiation?

UVA, UVB, UVC

What is the primary use of X-rays?

To penetrate soft materials and create images of bones.

What is the purpose of gamma rays in medicine?

To kill cancer cells in radiotherapy.

What is a black body in terms of radiation?

An idealized object that absorbs all incident radiation.

What is the relationship between temperature and peak wavelength in black body radiation?

As temperature increases, the peak wavelength decreases.

What is the difference between matt and shiny surfaces in terms of radiation?

Matt surfaces are good absorbers and emitters, while shiny surfaces are poor absorbers and good reflectors.

What is the significance of Leslie's Cube in studying radiation?

It demonstrates the difference in temperature between matt and shiny surfaces.

What happens to light when it passes through a convex lens?

It converges to a point.

What happens to light when it passes through a concave lens?

It diverges.

What is the effect of exposure to large amounts of X-rays or gamma rays?

They can kill cells and damage DNA, potentially leading to cancer.

What is the role of filters in color perception?

Filters absorb all colors they do not possess and transmit those they do.

How do surfaces interact with light in terms of color reflection?

Surfaces reflect colors they possess and absorb others.