Glossary 6

Freeloader

is a person who takes advantage of others' generosity or resources without contributing or paying their fair share. (дармоїд, нахлібник)

Conscription

is the compulsory enlistment or drafting of individuals into military service. (Призов)

Legislative branch

is made up of the two houses of Parliament: the House of Commons and house of Lords. They discuss, debate, amend and accept or reject the new legislation suggested by the executive.

(Законодавча гілка)

Executive branch

is made up of the Prime Minister and their cabinet. It is their job to lead the government and propose new legislation or laws. This branch is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land.

(Виконавча гілка, влада)

Judicial branch

is comprised of the system of Courts that implement the laws that are passed down by Parliament.

. (Судова гілка, влада)

Subjects of Her Majesty

Before 1949, it referred to almost all subjects of the British Empire (including the United Kingdom, Dominions, and colonies, but excluding protectorates and protected states). Between 1949 and 1983, the term was synonymous with Commonwealth citizen. Currently, it refers to people possessing a class of British nationality largely granted under limited circumstances to those connected with Ireland or British India born before 1949. Individuals with this nationality are British nationals and Commonwealth citizens, but not British citizens. (піддані)

Royal Assent

is the approval given by the monarch to a bill passed by the legislative body, making it law. (Королівське погодження)

The Commonwealth

is a political association of 54 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire. Member states have no legal obligations to one another but are connected through their use of the English language and historical ties. Citizenship of a Commonwealth nation affords benefits in some member countries, particularly in the United Kingdom. They share values of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law

(Співдружність націй)

The Palace of Westminster

is the iconic building in London that houses the UK Parliament, including the House of Commons and the House of Lords. (Палац Вестмінстеру)

The House of Commons

is the lower chamber of the UK Parliament, where elected representatives known as Members of Parliament (MPs) (of 650 members) debate and pass laws. (Палата громад)

The House of Lords

is the upper chamber of the UK Parliament, composed of appointed and hereditary members who review and amend legislation proposed by the House of Commons. (Палата лордів)

Constituency (county & borough)

one of the official areas of a country that elects someone to represent it in a parliament or legislature. Borough constituencies are predominantly urban while county constituencies are predominantly rural. (Виборчі округи)

Downing Street 10

is the official residence and office of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Frontbenchers

are the senior members of a political party who hold ministerial or shadow ministerial positions and sit on the front benches of the House of Commons or House of Lords. (Парламентські керівники)

Backbenchers

are Members of Parliament who do not hold ministerial or shadow ministerial positions and sit on the back benches of the House of Commons or House of Lords. (Звичайні депутати, член рядового складу)

Bill

a written plan for a law (Законопроект)

Partisan

refers to a person who is strongly and actively committed to a particular political party or cause. (Партійний прибічник)

Life peer

 in the UK, a person who is given the honour of a title such as "Lord" and a place in the House of Lords as a reward for the good things they have done for the country (пожиттєве перство)

Hereditary peer

is a person who has inherited their title and membership in the House of Lords through their family lineage. (спадкове перство)

Secret ballot

is a voting method where the voter's choices are kept confidential, ensuring anonymity and freedom to vote without fear of reprisal. (Таємне голосування)

Polling station

is a designated location where voters go to cast their votes in an election or referendum. (Виборча дільниця)

Shadow Cabinet

consists of a senior group of opposition spokespeople who, under the leadership of the Leader of the Opposition, form an alternative cabinet to that of the government, and whose members shadow or mirror the positions of each individual member of the Cabinet. (Тіньовий кабінет)

Blue-collar worker

refers to a person who performs manual labor, often in industries such as manufacturing, construction, or maintenance. (Робітник)

White-collar worker

refers to a person who performs professional, managerial, or administrative work, typically in an office or business environment. (Робітник зі штатською роботою)