Ch 11-15

\________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

visceral

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of \________.

cardiovascular disease

Thomas often describes his body shape as an "apple shape," also known as \________

central body obesity

Lillian consumes 2100 kcal of foods and beverages daily and expends a total of 1800 kcal each day. Her body is in a state of \________.

positive energy balance

According to national surveys, approximately \________ of American adults over the age of 20 were either overweight or obese in 2013-2014.

70%

Adults living in \________ are most likely to be obese.

mississippi

Which of the following is not a health condition typcially associated with overweight and obesity?

liver cancer

A person who is 5-feet, 6-inches tall and weighs 260 pounds has a body mass index of \________.

42

Ashley's BMI is 23.7. Based on this information, her weight is in the \________ range.

healthy

BMI is most accurate when assessing the health of highly muscular individuals, such as certain professional athletes.

false

Which of the following statements about normal weight obesity is false?

Condition associated with high muscularity and high BMI

\________ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

subcutaneous

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

bioelectrical impedance

Matt is having his body fat assessed by \________, a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD.

air displacement

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

measuring the persons waist circumference

Sarah has a body fat percentage of 34%. This is considered \________.

overweight

The weather over the winter was colder than usual, with typical days in the subzero temperature range and snow and ice common. Because of this, Drea was often cold and shivering when walking between classes. Shivering is an example of \________.

non exercise activity thermogenesis

Which of the following statements is true?

as people grow older their metabolic rates decline

Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in a person's BMR?

stress

Which of the following statements about accelerometers is true?

measures changes in speed or direction during physical activity

Jennifer has lost weight by following a well-balanced calorie-reduced weight-loss diet plan that includes daily exercise for several months. Recently, her rate of weight loss slowed, and this week, she lost no weight, even though she has continued to follow the weight-loss plan. Based on this information, Jennifer has \________.

reached a plateau because she's in energy equilibrium

According to the "set point theory," a person's \________.

body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter

Compared to other people, a person who has a "thrifty metabolism" \________.

gains weight more easily

The \________ controls hunger and satiety.

hypothalamus

\________ is a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. The hormone slows the digestive process by signaling the hypothalmus to reduce hunger and delaying gastric emptying.

amylin

Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations?

ghrelin

Which of the following statements is true?

Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of \________.

ghrelin

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weigh-loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program \________.

includes regular physical activity

Which of the following would be considered a recommended weight-loss practice?

Reducing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages

Eating portion-controlled meals

Keeping a food diary or journal

Which of the following is not a typical feature of fad diets?

physical activity

Initial weight loss on a low-carbohydrate diet results from the burning of stored body fat.

false

Ephedra-containing weight-loss supplements are commercially available at drug stores across the United States.

false

The weight-loss medication orlistat (Xenical) \________.

reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract

Darlene is a 5′ 2′′, 23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like to try a surgical weight-loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible. Her physician is likely to recommend \________.

adjustable gastric band

Gastric bypass surgery can increase a person's risk of osteoporosis.

true

Being underweight reduces a person's risk of illness and infection.

false

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should \________.

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil

Which of the following statements is true?

Disordered eating practices are usually temporary, and occur when the person is under stress.

Which of the following behaviors is typical of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

skipping breakfast when late for an exam

Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing \________.

an eating disorder

According to the DSM-5, the three main types of eating disorders are \________.

bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating disorder

Risk factors for eating disorders include \________.

having a history of frequent attempts to lose weight

Risk factors for eating disorders include \________.

being female

Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa?

maintaining a BMI of 17.5 or less

eople with anorexia nervosa have a high risk of dying from \________.

suicide

All of the following are common physiological consequences of anorexia nervosa EXCEPT \________.

rapid heart rate

Amenorrhea occurs when a female who has previously experienced normal menstrual cycles does not menstruate for \________.

3 months or longer

People who have bulimia nervosa typically avoid gaining weight after bingeing on food by \________.

purging

Females involved in competitive sports, especially \________, are at risk of the female athlete triad.

gymnastics

Wendy is a 17-year-old world class endurance runner who suffers from the female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has \________.

abnormal menstrual cycles

After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice \________ as a sign of her purging behavior.

damaged teeth

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa \________.

deny they are too thin

Jana's BMI is 25.5. She skips breakfast and usually eats a salad for lunch. While she is with friends, she eats large amounts of cookies, pastries, and ice cream. After eating such foods, she excuses herself to go to the bathroom. Her friends are amazed that she doesn't gain weight. Based on this information, Jana may have \________.

bulimia nervosa

Unhealthy food-related behaviors are often associated with \________.

dissatisfaction with body shape

Consequences of diabulimia include all of the following except \________.

weight gain

The rapid loss of electrolytes and fluid due to self-induced vomiting and diuretic/laxative abuse can cause \________.

hypokalemia

Typical treatment for eating disorders includes \________.

professional counseling

Andrea, a 22-year-old college student, has been rushed to the hospital after collapsing at the gym. After performing some clinical tests, the doctor determines Andrea's BMI is 16.8; she is dehydrated; and she has very low bone mineral density. Based on this information, Andrea probably has \________.

anorexia nervosa

A major underlying personal characteristic of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is having a distorted body image.

true

Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa may lead to electrolyte imbalances.

true

\________ is an eating disorder that features recurrent episodes of overeating followed by purging behaviors.

bulimia nervosa

People with bulimia nervosa are usually able to control their eating behavior.

false

Unlike people with anorexia nervosa, people with bulimia nervosa can be normal weight.

true

Sandra has binge-eating disorder and does not use any compensatory mechanisms to purge calories; therefore, she is likely to develop type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension.

true

People with binge-eating disorder often suffer from psychological illnesses such as depression.

true

\________ refers to a condition in which people with type 1 diabetes manipulate their body weight by skipping insulin injections or using less insulin than prescribed.

diabulimia

\________ is an extreme obsession with eating healthy foods.

orthorexia

Sam works out at the gym lifting weights two to three hours daily. Despite his intense workout routine, Sam feels his body is still too small and not muscular enough. Based on this information, Sam may have \________.

muscle dysmorphia

Treatment of eating disorders requires a multidisciplinary approach involving psychologists, registered dietitian nutritionists, and sometimes prescribing FDA-approved medications.

true

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of \________.

hypertension

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

jogging

Various environmental factors contribute to whether or not an individual meets physical activity recommendations. The \________ refers to the buildings, roads, parks, supermarkets, and restaurants in a community that can impact the likelihood that those living in the community will walk, bike, and engage in physical activity.

fitness environment

Marcus is a healthy 55-year-old man. According to recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Marcus should engage in at least \________ minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week.

150

Weight lifting, push-ups, and lunges are examples of \________ exercises that develop muscle strength and muscle endurance.

resistance

Holly is a healthy woman who is 22 years of age. Using this information, calculate her target heart rate zone for moderate-intensity physical activity.

99-139

Luis is a healthy man who is 23 years of age. What is his age-related maximum heart rate?

197

Which of the following activities is typically considered a vigorous physical activity?

jumping rope

Which of the following statements is true?

A comprehensive fitness program includes aerobic, resistance, and stretching activities.

An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program \________.

gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities

Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to \________.

lactic acid

Which of the following activities metabolizes the highest percentage of carbohydrate as a fuel source?

running the 200 meter hurdles

Which of the following supplies the least energy during physical activity?

protein

Which energy system is most active during short bursts of high-intensity activity?

pcr-atp energy system

Which of the following factors does not contribute to the dietary needs of an athlete?

ethnicity

Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate pre-event snack for an athlete?

handful of dried apricots

Which of the following foods is often recommended for an athlete who wants to replenish his or her glycogen stores quickly after performing vigorous physical activity?

chocolate milk

Jordan is a competitive athlete who weighs 220 lb. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training and competition. According to expert recommendations, he should consume \________ grams of carbohydrate daily.

600-1000

A pre-competition meal or snack providing 1 to 4 g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight should be consumed approximately \________ before competing.

1-4

Plasma free fatty acids are derived from triglycerides in adipose cells.

true

The AMDR for fat for athletes is the same as for nonathletes.

true

If athletes consume protein supplements in excess of their energy needs, their body will convert the extra amino acids into fat for storage in adipose tissue.

true

Juliana (140 lbs) is a resistance athlete who trains five to six days per week for at least an hour. According to the joint recommendations of an expert group that included the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, her minimal intake of protein should be approximately \________ g daily.

76

Which of the following statements about whey protein is false?

whey protein is found in eggs

Skeletal muscles generate more free radicals during rest than during physical activity.

false

Iron deficiency is more common in young female athletes than in young male athletes.

true

All of the following are common ingredients in sports drinks EXCEPT \________.

caffeine

According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may improve the performance of sprinters and weight lifters?

creatine