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33 Terms

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Data Communications

The process of sharing information (data) between two devices over a physical connection.

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What are the four key characteristics of data communications?

Delivery, Accuracy, Timeliness, Jitter.

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What is Delivery, as a characteristic of data communications?

Data must reach the correct destination (only the intended device/user).

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What is Accuracy, as a characteristic of data communications?

Data must be sent without errors; any change during transmission can make it unusable.

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What is Timeliness, as a characteristic of data communications?

Data needs to arrive on time; delays can render it useless.

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What is Jitter, as a characteristic of data communications?

Variation in packet arrival times that can cause uneven quality.

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Main Components of a Data Communications System

Message, Sender, Receiver, Transmission Medium, Protocol.

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What is Message, as a component of a Data Communication System?

The actual data (text, numbers, images, audio, video) being communicated.

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What is Sender, as a component of a Data Communication System?

The device that sends the data (e.g., computer, phone).

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What is Reciever, as a component of a Data Communication System?

The device that receives the data.

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What is Transmission Medium, as a component of a Data Communication System?

The physical path (like wires or radio waves) that data travels on.

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What is Protocol, as a component of a Data Communication System?

A set of rules that allows the sender and receiver to understand each other.

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What are the data flow types?

Simplex, Half-Duplex, Full-Duplex.

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Explain Simplex

One-way communication (e.g., keyboard to monitor).

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Explain Half-Duplex

Two-way communication but not at the same time (e.g., walkie-talkies).

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Explain Full-Duplex

Simultaneous two-way communication (e.g., telephone calls).

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What is a network?

A connection that allows devices (like computers, phones, routers) to communicate.

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Key criteria for a network

Performance, Reliability, Security.

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Performance (in networking context)

Measured by how fast data travels and how quickly a device responds.

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Reliability (in networking context)

How often the network fails and how quickly it recovers.

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What is a point-to-point connection?

A dedicated link between two devices.

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What distinguishes local area network (LAN) from wide area network (WAN)?

LAN covers a small area while WAN covers larger areas, like cities or countries.

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What is an internetwork?

When two or more networks are connected.

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TCP/IP Protocol Suite

A collection of protocols used on the Internet, organized into layers.

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What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?

Application, Transport, Network, Data-Link, Physical.

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What role does the Physical Layer have in TCP/IP?

Carries individual bits across the physical medium.

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OSI Model

A framework defined by ISO to help design and understand network systems.

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What are the layers in the OSI Model?

Physical, Data-Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

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Key difference between OSI and TCP/IP

TCP/IP has 5 layers as it combines or omits some of the OSI layers.

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What role does the Application Layer have in TCP/IP?

responsible for providing network services directly to the end user and supports application-level protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.

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What role does the Transport Layer have in TCP/IP?

is responsible for ensuring that data is transmitted between hosts reliably and accurately, managing error detection and correction, and providing flow control.

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What role does the Data-Link Layer have in TCP/IP?

responsible for node-to-node data transfer and error detection in the physical layer, ensuring reliable communication between directly connected devices.

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What role does the Network Layer have in TCP/IP?

responsible for routing data packets between devices across different networks, managing logical addressing through IP addresses, and determining the optimal path for data transmission.