Med Term Chapter 6 The Blood System

chromat/o

color

coagul/o

clotting, coagulation

-emia

blood, blood condition

erythr/o

red

fibrin/o

fibrin, fibers, threads of a clot

-globin

protein

hem/o, hemat/o

blood, relating to the blood

leuk/o

white

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

-oid

resembling

-penia

deficiency

phleb/o

vein

plasma, plasm/o

something molded or formed, plasma

-poiesis

to make

-stasis

maintenance of a constant level

allogeneic transfusion

uses donated blood that must be of a compatible blood type

anticoagulant

slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

antigen

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

aplastic anemia

serious condition characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements

autologous transfusion

uses the patient’s own blood instead of blood from a donor

basophils

least common type of WBCs

coagulation

formation of a blood clot

coagulopathy

bleeding disorder where the blood’s ability to coagulate is impaired

comprehensive metabolic panel

a broad screening tool used to provide information about the state of the body’s metabolism

decompression sickness

condition that occurs as a result of deep-sea diving or unpressurized air travel

direct antiglobulin test

used to investigate possible hemolytic transfusion reaction

eosinophils

formed in red bone marrow and spreads to the tissues

erythrocyte

mature red blood cells

erythropoietin

hormone produced in the kidneys that promotes the production of erythrocytes

fibrin

aids in blood clotting and the formation of a scab

fibrinogen

clotting protein found in plasma

globulins

proteins in the blood that play an important role in the immune system

granulocytes

contain small granules with proteins

hematologist

physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the blood

hematopoiesis

the formation of blood cells

hematocrit

the percentage of blood that is made up of blood cells

hemoglobin

blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

hemolysis

process of breaking down erythrocytes

hemolytic anemia

inadequate number of red blood cells due to the destruction of the cells

hemophilia

hereditary bleeding disorder where a blood clotting factor is missing

hemostasis

to stop or control bleeding

heparin

common anticoagulant

hereditary spherocytosis

genetic disorder that causes blood cells to be sphere instead of flat

immunoglobulins

helps the body attack germs

leukemia

cancer caused by an increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in the blood

leukocytes

blood cells involved in supporting the immune system

leukopenia

decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood

lipoprotein panel blood test

blood drawn after patient fasts for 8 hours

lymphocytes

identify foreign substances in the body and targets them

megakaryocytes

large cells in the bone marrow that produce platelets

monocytes

largest type of white blood cells

multiple myeloma

second most common type of blood cancer

neutropenia

presence of abnormally few white blood cells in the blood

neutrophils

most common type of white blood cells

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s

pancytopenia

condition characterized by lower than normal amounts of erythrocytes

pernicious anemia

caused by a lack of protein that helps the body absorb B12

phagocytes

cells that defend the immune system from pathogens and bacteria

phlebotomist

medical professional who draws blood for testing

plasma

beige fluid that contains nutrients and waste

plasmapheresis

removal of blood plasma by drawing blood and separating the elements

platelets

smallest elements of the blood, forms clots to stop bleeding

prothrombin time

blood coagulation test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormalities of clotting time

reticulocytes

red blood cells that have been newly released from bone marrow

Rh factor

defines the presence of absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells

sepsis

life-threatening infection that results from organisms entering the bloodstream

serum

clear plasma fluid that remains after blood cells and proteins have been removed

sickle cell anemia

genetic blood disorder where red blood cells become crescent shaped and lose their ability to carry oxygen

thalassemia

inherited blood disorder that causes anemia due to reduced hemoglobin

therapeutic plasma exchange

patient’s blood is circulated through a device that removes the disease-causing antibodies and replaces them with donor plasma

thrombocytes

smallest elements of the blood

thrombocytopenia

condition where there is an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood

transfusion reaction

fatal complication of a blood transfusion where a severe immune response occurs

Von Willebrand disease

most common genetic bleeding disorder