Levels and Areas of Management

normally called CEO’s (chief executive officers), COO, president, and senior vice president
top managers: determine what organizations long-term goals should be for the next 1-5 years with resources they expect to have available
- must be future-oriented, strategic, and able to deal with uncertain, highly-competitive conditions
- must have leadership skills, profesional experience, good communication skills, knowledge, organization, time-management skills, delegation techniques, and confidence

middle managers: implement policies and plans of the top managers above them and supervise and coordinate activities of first-line managers below them
- critical for organizational success

aka supervisors
first-line managers: make short-term operating decision, directing the daily tasks of non-managerial personnel

team leaders: facilitate team members’ activities to help teams achieve their goals
most successful teams have 4 key elements:
1. compelling direction
2. strong structure
3. supportive context
4. shared mindset
must have honesty, integrity, and humility and be able to hold you and your team accountable
must be able to be decisive and make hard decisions for you and your team

non-managerial employees: people who either work alone on tasks or with others on a variety of teams