AV

LITE Chapter 1 Part 1

Living in the IT Era

  • Emphasis on the significance of Information Technology (IT) in modern life.

Computers vs. Humans

Common Attributes

  • Central Processing Unit: Both systems (computers and humans) can process and store information.

  • Complex Systems: Both exhibit complexity, with computers using circuits and humans utilizing brain functions.

  • Input and Output:

    • Computers: Utilize input devices such as keyboards, mice, and more.

    • Humans: Rely on sensory input through sight, sound, etc.

  • Communication:

    • Computers: Use structured languages and codes.

    • Humans: Engage through language, gestures, and expressions.

  • Capability to Perform Tasks:

    • Computers: Can execute calculations, data analysis, and automation.

    • Humans: Employ physical (actions) and mental (thoughts) capabilities.

  • Learning Ability:

    • Computers: Can be programmed for tasks.

    • Humans: Learn through experiences, observations, and education.

What is a Computer?

  • Definition: An electronic device that manipulates data.

  • Functions: Store, retrieve, and process data.

  • Components:

    • Hardware: Physical components such as input/output devices.

    • Software: Programs that execute tasks on the hardware.

    • System Unit: Main unit containing essential components.

Chapter 1: Computer Hardware

Overview of Computer Hardware

  • Definition: Also known as peripherals; the physical components enabling functionality.

  • Classified into: Input and output devices.

Input Devices

  • Definition: Hardware that sends data to computers, enabling user interaction.

  • Examples:

    • Keyboard, Mouse, Touchpad, Scanner, Digital Camera, Microphone, etc.

Output Devices

  • Definition: Hardware that receives data from a computer and converts it into different forms.

  • Examples:

    • Monitor, Printer, Speakers, Projector, VR Headsets, etc.

System Unit

  • Definition: The main part of a desktop computer known as the tower or chassis.

  • Components: Contains electronic parts like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and housing for components.

Chapter 1: Computer Software

What is Computer Software?

  • Definition: Provides commands and instructions for the computer.

  • Categories:

    • System Software: Manages hardware and provides a platform for application software.

    • Application Software: User-specific software performing direct user functions.

System Software

Features of System Software

  • Characteristics: High speed, difficult to manipulate, developed in low-level languages, versatile.

Types of System Software

  • Operating Systems: Fundamental software enabling application operation (e.g., Windows, Linux).

  • Device Drivers: Facilitate communication between the OS and hardware.

  • Utility Programs: Assist in maintaining system performance (e.g., virus scanning, file compression).

  • Firmware: Low-level software providing control for hardware devices (e.g., BIOS).

Chapter 1: Application Software

Overview of Application Software

  • Definition: Software packages performing specific tasks for the end-user;

  • Interaction: Users must install them based on their needs; they require system software to operate.

Most Frequently Used Application Software

  1. Office Software: Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, etc.)

  2. Internet Browsers: Google Chrome, Safari, Firefox.

  3. Graphic Tools: Canva, Adobe Creative Suite.

  4. Communication Tools: Zoom, Skype, Google Meet.

  5. Streaming Services: Media Players, Spotify, Netflix.

  6. Social Media: Facebook, Instagram, TikTok.

Chapter 1: Computer Algorithms

Overview of Algorithms

  • Definition: A sequence of steps to complete specific tasks or solve problems; foundational in programming.

  • Characteristics: Step-by-step, defined order for instructions.

Characteristics of Algorithms

  • Unambiguity: Clear instructions leading to one conclusion.

  • Finiteness: Limited set of instructions.

  • Effectiveness: Produces desired outputs.

  • Language Independence: Usable in different programming languages yet yielding similar results.

Types of Algorithms

  • Sorting Algorithms: (e.g., Bubble Sort)

  • Searching Algorithms: (e.g., Linear search)

  • Graph Algorithms: Solving real-world problems like routing.

Application of Algorithms

  • Medicine: DNA sequencing and variant analysis.

  • E-Commerce: Securing transactions and personal information.

  • Manufacturing: Efficient resource allocation.

Summary

  • Computers manipulate data, relying on hardware and software.

  • Understanding input and output devices, system units, and software categories is crucial.

  • Algorithms are essential for functionality and efficiency in computing tasks.