Aqueous+Equilibrium+Lesson+Part+2

Water Dissociation

The process by which water molecules break apart into hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

Hydronium Ion

An ion formed when a hydrogen ion (H+) combines with a water molecule, represented as H3O+.

Kw

The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water, equal to 1 x 10^-14 at 25°C.

Acid

A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

Base

A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

pH Scale

A logarithmic scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 1 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.

Logarithm

A mathematical function that determines the power to which a base number must be raised to obtain a given number.

pOH

A measure of hydroxide ion concentration, related to pH by the equation pH + pOH = 14.

Strong Acid

An acid that completely dissociates in solution, resulting in a high concentration of H+ ions.

Weak Acid

An acid that does not fully dissociate in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of H+ ions.

Dissociate

To break apart into ions or smaller molecules in a solution; commonly refers to acids and bases in water.

Equilibrium Constant

A ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium, reflecting the tendency of a reaction to proceed in one direction.