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Water Dissociation
The process by which water molecules break apart into hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).
Hydronium Ion
An ion formed when a hydrogen ion (H+) combines with a water molecule, represented as H3O+.
Kw
The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water, equal to 1 x 10^-14 at 25°C.
Acid
A substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
Base
A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
pH Scale
A logarithmic scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 1 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.
Logarithm
A mathematical function that determines the power to which a base number must be raised to obtain a given number.
pOH
A measure of hydroxide ion concentration, related to pH by the equation pH + pOH = 14.
Strong Acid
An acid that completely dissociates in solution, resulting in a high concentration of H+ ions.
Weak Acid
An acid that does not fully dissociate in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of H+ ions.
Dissociate
To break apart into ions or smaller molecules in a solution; commonly refers to acids and bases in water.
Equilibrium Constant
A ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium, reflecting the tendency of a reaction to proceed in one direction.
