Med Term TEST REVIEW (Ch. 1 and Ch.2)

acr/o

extremities

ankyl/o

crooked; bent; stiff; fused together

arthr/o

joint

cardi/o

heart

caud/o

tail

cephal/o

head

cervic/o

neck; cervix (neck of uterus)

col/o, colon/o

large intestine; colon

cost/o

rib

enter/o

intestines (usually the small intestine)

gastr/o

stomach

glyc/o

sugar; glucose

hepat/o

liver

lip/o

fat

log/o

study

medi/o

middle

my/o

muscle

neur/o

nerve

pod/o

foot

pyret/o

fever

rachi/o

spine; vertebra

rheumat/o

watery flow

sarc/o

flesh; connective tissue

super/o

above

thorac/o

chest

ventr/o

belly side of body; ventral aspect

viscer/o

internal organs

Long bones

found in the extremities

Short bones

located in the hands and feet, cube-shaped, and composed of spongy bones which allows for flexible movement

Flat bones

protects vital organs, and provides a broad surface area for muscle attachment

Sesamoid bones

Resemble large sesame seeds, embedded within tendons, facilitate joint movement and are found in the patella, hands, wrists, and feet

Irregular bones

Have an unusual or complex shape, and cannot be characterized as long, short, or flat. Provides support and protection, yet allows flexible movement

Cortical bones

Compact Bone, is very dense, hard, and strong. Lies under the periosteum (or the outer membrane of bone).

Cancellous bone

Trabecular Bone, is much more porous and much less dense than compact bone. Spongy bone.

Histology

the study of the structure and function of tissues

Bone density test

X-ray test that determines loss of, or changes in, bone density. The test uses X-rays to measure how many grams of calcium and other bone minerals are packed into a segment of bone. The higher your bone mineral content, the denser your bones are.

CT Scan

Process in which radiographic images of a specific section of the body are taken from multiple angles and then analyzed by a computer to identify bone injury or disease.

MRI

A noninvasive scanning test that involves use of an electromagnetic field and radio waves to visualize soft-tissue structures.

X-ray

Radiographic image used to diagnose skeletal changes in the body.

-algia

pain

-cyte

cell

-ectomy

surgical removal; excision

-emia

blood condition

-itis

inflammation

-oma

tumor; mass

-osis

abnormal condition

-stomy

surgical opening

Cell

basic structural unit of the body

Tissue

combination of similar cells

Organ

collection of tissues working together to preform a particular function

Body System

group of organs that work together to preform a specific function

Organism

life form made up of interdependent parts (cell, tissue, organ, body system), all of which work together to maintain life

ante-

before

anti-

against

hyper-

above; above normal; excessive

hypo-

below; below normal; deficient

inter-

between

intra-

within; into

endo-

in; within

exo-

outside; exterior

Endemic

A disease that is ongoing and restricted to a specific population, group, or area of land.

Endogenous

An injury or condition that originates within the body

Epidemic

A sudden, widespread outbreak of a disease within a population, group, or area of land.

Exogenous

An injury or condition that originates outside the body

Iatrogenic

An infection or disease that arises as a complication of medical or surgical intervention.

EX: chemotherapy- hair loss

Idiopathic

A disease that has an unknown etiology (cause)

Infectious

Capable of causing an infection

Nosocomial

An infection acquired in a hospital setting that was not present upon admission.

Opportunistic

A pathogen that does not normally cause a disease unless the immune system is in a weakened state

Auscultation

Use of a stethoscope to listen to sounds within body cavities.

Palpation

Application of light or firm pressure on the skin above internal organs or structures to check for abnormalities

Percussion

Tapping areas on the surface of the body to produce a vibrating sound. The nature of the sound indicates the size of the organ, whether it is filled with air or fluid, and so on.

Olfaction

Use of the sense of smell to detect abnormalities.

Frontal Plane

Coronal Plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections

Mid-sagittal Plane

Vertical Plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Sagittal Plane

When the mid-sagittal plane is visualized on any other part other than the center

Transverse Plane

Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections. Cross section plane.

Axis Skeleton

Consists of the bones along the axis, or central line, of the human body. (facial bones, sternum, skull)

Appendicular Skeleton

Contains the bones in the appendages of the body, as well as the structures that connect the appendages to the axial skeleton (arm, wrist, hand bones; leg, ankle, foot bones)

Anterior

“Head end” of the body

Ventral

“Belly side” of the body

Posterior

Tail end, or rear, of body

Dorsal

Back of the body, or spinal column