Learning Unit 2: Hardware and Software

What is the critical role of computer hardware in an organization?

It must be carefully selected to meet the evolving needs of the organization and its supporting information systems.

What does CPU stand for and what is its function?

Central Processing Unit; it does processing by carrying out instructions.

What are input devices used for?

Devices that capture or enter data into the computer.

What does RAM stand for and what is its purpose?

Random Access Memory; it is used to store data awaiting processing.

What type of memory is lost when power is switched off?

Internal (primary) memory, such as RAM.

Name one type of output device.

Monitor, printer, or speaker.

What distinguishes application software from systems software?

Application software is designed for specific organizational activities, whereas systems software coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and software.

What is the main difference between proprietary and off-the-shelf software?

Proprietary software is custom-built for specific needs, while off-the-shelf software is mass-produced to meet common needs.

What does API stand for in software applications?

Application Program Interface.

What function does an operating system serve?

It controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs.

What are utility programs?

Programs that help perform maintenance or correct problems with a computer system.

What is a web server?

A computer used by many users to handle internet traffic and communication.

Define a supercomputer.

The most powerful computers with the fastest processing speed and highest performance.

What is a server farm?

A facility that houses a large number of servers in one room for controlled access and maintenance.

What is the main function of systems software?

To support application programs' problem-solving capabilities.

How is storage capacity measured?

In bytes, such as kilobytes (kb), megabytes (mb), gigabytes (gb), terabytes (tb), petabytes (pb), and exabytes.

What does the term 'hardware independence' mean in the context of operating systems?

It refers to the ability of the OS to work across different types of hardware.

List one example of personal application software.

Microsoft Word.