Internal Structures Module 9

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the internal structures of cells, specifically focusing on cytoplasmic components and endospore formation.

Cytoplasm

The substances inside the plasma membrane, consisting of 80% water, contains protiens, carbs, lipis, inorganic molecules, and low-molecular weight compounds, and various oragnelles, thick aqueous, semitransparent and elastic

Structures within the cytoplasma are?

plasmids, ribosomes, inclusion bodies, endospores,

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cellular Geneome Characteristics

Prokaryote DNA: single chromosome, circular, no histones (other protiens) found in nucldoic, plasmids

Eukaryote DNA: multiple chromosomes, linear, histones, found in nucleus, no plasmids (generally)

Plasmids

Small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA (extra and outside) replicates independently of chromosomes, can be transfered by conjuation (via pili) - ferili plasmid, carry resistsanced genes - antibiotic resistance, carry metobolism genes - tol plasmid or breaking down toluene for a carbon source, used as a cloning vector in biotech

Ribosomes

The site of protein synthesis, composed of rRNA and protein, existing in prokaryotes (70s) and eukaryotes (80s), made up of 2 subunits, good target for antibiotics

Inclusion Bodies

Reserve deposits within the cytoplasm, excess compounds insoluble water (phosphate, sullfur, lipid compounds etc.)

Endospores

A 'resting' state unique to bacteria, cells detect some enviromental changr and form endospores

Characterized by a dehydrated structure with a durable spore coat that contains DNA, Dipicolonic acid, and no metabolic reactions

Sporulation

The process of endospore formation in bacteria, triggered by environmental changes. 1 cell=1 endospore

Germination

The process whereby an endospore returns to its vegetative state when nutrients become available again (chemical change), and ave a heat shock event (physical change), coat breaks open and water enters

Importane of Interna structures?

Food posioning= Clostridium botulinum a bacterium associated with food poisoning, notable for its endospore production.

Diseases= caused by Clostridum perfringes and bacillus antrhacis

Schaeffer-Fulton endospore stain

A staining technique used for identifying endospores in bacterial cells.