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Deontology Ethics
a subcategory of ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves, as opposed to the rightness or wrongness of those consequences in the actions.
“Duty-Based” or “Obligation-Based” Ethics
another term for deontology ethics
Moral Absolutism
the belief that some actions are wrong no matter what consequences follow from them
Two Responses to Skepticism
rationalism and empiricism
Empiricism
founded by John Locke, the belief that sense-experience is the most reliable source of knowledge
Tabula Rasa
Locke believed that everyone is born with this, translates to “blank slate”
Primary Qualities
qualities that physical objects themselves have, can be measured (size, density, height, length, etc.)
Secondary Qualities
qualities that can be interpreted, not real and are subjective (color, shape, texture, smell, etc.)
George Berkely
philosopher who believed that nothing actually existed, only things that we could perceive actually exist, once we stopped perceiving them, they no longer exist
Social Contract
the idea that the existence of the government is in fact a contract between people and rulers
The Three Main Social Contract Philosophers
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Hobbes’ Belief on Inherent Human Nature
selfish and rational
Hobbes’ View of Sovereignty
to maintain peace and stability
John Locke’s Three Natural Rights
life, liberty, property
Locke’s View of Sovereignty
to protect the natural rights of the people
Amour Propre
a corrupted version of self love
brought greed, pride, envy and shame
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Social Contract philosopher
believed that we cannot go back, only forward
Categorical Imperative
created by Immanuel Kant
in order to determine what’s right or wrong, one has to use reason
morality is a constant in a mathematical sense
commands you should follow, moral obligations, derived from pure reason
Two Main Formulations of the Categorical Imperative
Universalizability Principle and the Formula of Humanity
Note
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