LATIN103 ch1, ch2, and cases

Nominative case

used for SUBJECTS

(also predicate nominatives w forms of “to be”)

S: -a

PL: -ae

Genitive case

used for POSSESSION

(use “of the” ___)

S: -ae

PL: -ārum

Dative case

used for INDIRECT OBJECT

(use “to” ___ or “for” ___)

S: -ae

PL: -īs

Accusative case

used for DIRECT OBJECT

(just the noun)

S: -am

PL: -ās

Ablative case

used for OBJECT OF PREPOSITION

(prep phrase + ___)

S: -ā

PL: -īs

Vocative case

used for DIRECT ADDRESS

(“O” + , + ___)

S: -a

PL: -ae

(same endings as nominative)

mē

me, myself

pronoun

quid

what

pronoun

nōn

not

adverb

saepe

often

adverb

sī

if

conjunction

amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum

to love, like

verb

amābō tē = please == “i will love you”

cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum

to think, ponder, consider, plan

verb

dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum

to owe; ought, should, must

verb

dō, dare, dedī, datum

to give, offer

verb

*stem vowel only long in 2nd person singular indicative (dās)

errō, errāre, errāvi, errātum

to err, go astray; wander; make a mistake, be mistaken

verb

laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum

to praise

verb

moneō, monēre, monuī, monitum

to remind, advise, warn

salveō, salvēre

to be well, be in good health

verb

“salvē” and “salvēte” are greetings

servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum

to save, keep, preserve; to guard

verb

cōnservō, cōnservāre, cōnservāvī, cōnservātum

to conserve, preserve, maintain

verb

*stronger version of servō

terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum

to terrify, frighten

verb

valeō, valēre, valuī, valitūrum

to be strong, have power; to be well

verb

“valē” and “valēte” are goodbye’s

videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum

to see, observe, understand

verb

vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vōcatum

to call, summon

verb

nouns are listed as: ___, ___, _.

nominative sing, genitive sing, gender

fāma, fāmae, f.

rumor, report; fame, reputation

feminine noun

fōrma, fōrmae, f.

form, shape; beauty

feminine noun

fortūna, fortūnae, f.

fortune, luck

feminine noun

īra, īrae, f.

ire, anger

feminine noun

nauta, nautae, m.

sailor

masculine noun

patria, patriae, f.

fatherland, native land, (one’s) country

feminine noun

pacūnia, pecūniae, f.

money

feminine noun

philosophia, philosophiae, f.

philosophy

feminine noun

poena, poenae, f.

penalty, punishment

feminine noun

poēta, poētae, m.

poet

masculine noun

porta, portae, f.

gate

feminine noun

puella, puellae, f.

girl

feminine noun

rosa, rosae, f.

rose

feminine noun

sententia, sententiae, f.

feeling, opinion, thought; vote; sentence

feminine noun

vīta, vītae, f.

life; mode of life

feminine noun

nouns are listed as: ___, ___, ___.

masculine (masc.), feminine (fem.), neuter (neut.)

antīquus, antīqua, antīquum

ancient, old-time

adjective

magnus, magna, magnum

large, great; important

adjective

meus, mea, meum

my

adjective

multas, multa, multum

many, much

adverb

tuus, tua, tuum

your

adjective

*when speaking to ONE PERSON

et

and; even

conjunction

“et… et” == “both… and”

sed

but

conjunction

Ō

O!, Oh!

interjection

(often preceding a vocative)

sine

without

preposition

(use with ablative: sine + ___)

est

is