Health and Illness - Chapter 4 Timby

Vocabulary flashcards covering health definitions, illness terms, health care systems, financing, nursing patterns, continuity of care, and Maslow’s hierarchy.

The WHO defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well‑being, not merely the __ of disease or infirmity.

absence

Morbidity

Incidence of a disease, disorder, or injury; the rate or number of people affected.

Mortality

Incidence of deaths; the number of people who died from a particular disease or condition.

Acute illness

Sudden onset and short duration.

Chronic illness

Illness that develops slowly and lasts for a long time.

Terminal illness

Illness with no potential for cure; eventually fatal.

Primary illness

Develops independently of any other disease.

Secondary illness

Develops as a result of a preexisting condition.

Remission

Disappearance of signs and symptoms; relief may be temporary.

Exacerbation

Reactivation of disorder or a shift from chronic to acute; may occur periodically.

Hereditary

Acquired from genetic codes of one or both parents; symptoms may or may not be present at birth.

Congenital

Present at birth; may result from faulty embryonic development.

Idiopathic

Unknown cause.

Primary care

Services provided by the first health care provider; usually a Family Practice MD, NP, or PA in office or clinic.

Secondary care

Services to which primary caregivers refer clients for consultation or additional testing (e.g., imaging, GI testing).

Tertiary care

Hospitals or medical centers with complex technology and specialists.

Extended care

Services that meet health needs after acute hospital care (rehabilitation; skilled nursing at home or in a nursing home; hospice for dying clients).

Health Insurance Marketplaces

Platforms offering private health insurance to individuals and employers; linked to the ACA.

Medicare

Health coverage for people 65+, permanent disability, ESRD.

Medicaid

Health coverage for low-income individuals and families.

CHIP

Children’s Health Insurance Program.

TRICARE

Military health care program.

Prospective payment system (DRGs)

Hospital reimbursement at a fixed rate based on diagnostic-related groups.

Managed care organizations (MCOs)

Private insurers that plan and closely supervise care to reduce costs.

HMO

Health Maintenance Organization; preset fees with emphasis on preventive services; prior authorization may be required.

PPO

Preferred Provider Organization; discount network with higher costs for using outside providers.

Capitation

Preset fee per member paid to an HCP/hospital regardless of services; provider controls tests and services.

Integrated delivery systems

Networks that provide a full range of health care services in a coordinated, cost‑effective manner.

Nurse‑managed care

Nurse manager plans nursing care based on the client’s diagnosis; clinical pathways may be used.

Functional nursing

Nurses are assigned specific tasks; focuses on completing tasks rather than individualized care.

Case method

One nurse manages all care for a client or group for a designated period (often used in home/public health).

Team nursing

Nursing staff divide clients into groups and care for them together, led by a team leader.

Primary nursing

The admitting nurse plans and remains responsible for a client’s care until discharge.

Clinical pathway

Structured plan guiding client care for specific conditions or diagnoses.

Continuity of health care

Maintenance of care across levels and agencies to prevent fragmentation and ensure efficient navigation of the system.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Five levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self‑actualization.

Physiologic needs (Maslow)

Air, nutrition, water, elimination, rest and sleep, thermoregulation.

Safety and security needs (Maslow)

Shelter and freedom from harm and danger.

Love and belonging needs (Maslow)

Affection, meaningful relationships, and sense of belonging.

Esteem needs (Maslow)

Self-esteem and being respected by oneself and others.

Self-actualization (Maslow)

Need to be self-fulfilled, learn, create, understand, and experience one’s potential.

Sex in Maslow’s hierarchy

Sex is not necessary for individual survival, but is necessary for the survival of humankind.

Holism

The sum of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health; changes in one area affect the others.

Wellness

Full and balanced integration of all aspects of health (physical, emotional, social, and spiritual).