Ionic bonding, covalent bonding and london forces

What are ionic bonds?

Ionic bonds involve the electrostatic attraction of positive ions for negative ions.

What is the composition of ionic bonds?

Ionic bonds exist between metals and nonmetals.

How strong are ionic bonds?

Ionic bonds are very strong, resulting in high melting points of ionic compounds.

What affects the strength of ionic bonds?

The greater the radius of the ions, the weaker the ionic bond strength.

How does charge affect ionic bond strength?

The greater the charge on the ions, the stronger the ionic bond strength.

What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract the electrons of a neighboring atom.

How does electronegativity trend across a period?

Electronegativity increases going from left to right across each period of the periodic table.

How does electronegativity trend down a group?

Electronegativity decreases going down each family of the periodic table.

What is the relationship between electronegativity and ionization energy?

Atoms with high electronegativities have high ionization energies; atoms with low electronegativities have low ionization energies.

How do positive and negative ions compare in size to their neutral atoms?

Positive ions are smaller in size than their corresponding neutral atoms; negative ions are larger.

What involves covalent bonding?

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons by two nonmetal atoms.

What is the strength of covalent bonds?

Covalent bonds are very strong, and compounds with only covalent bonds usually have high melting points.

What does covalent bonding allow atoms to do?

Covalent bonding allows atoms to attain the same number of electrons as a noble gas.

How does the number of shared electrons affect bond strength?

The more electrons shared in a covalent bond, the stronger the bond.

How does the size of atoms affect covalent bond strength?

The larger the atoms involved in a covalent bond, the weaker the bond.

What is the relationship between shared electrons and bond length?

The larger the number of shared electrons in a covalent bond, the shorter the bond length.

What similarities exist between ionic and covalent bonds?

Both are generally strong and their bond strength decreases going down a family of the periodic table.

How does bond strength change with valence in ionic and covalent bonds?

Bond strength increases as the valence of the atoms increases for both ionic and covalent bonds.

How are ionic bonds formed?

Ionic bonds are formed between a metal and a nonmetal.

How are covalent bonds formed?

Covalent bonds are formed between two nonmetals.

What are London forces?

London forces are extremely weak intermolecular forces.

How do London forces relate to electron count?

London forces increase as the number of electrons in an atom or molecule increases.

Why are London forces important?

London forces are important between two closed-shell species.

What is the difference in bond formation between ionic and covalent bonds?

Ionic bonds form between metals and nonmetals, while covalent bonds form between two nonmetals.

What characterizes ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds are characterized by high melting points due to strong ionic bonds.

What role does electronegativity play in bond formation?

Electronegativity influences how electrons are shared or transferred in bond formation.

What is the relationship between electronegativity and bond type?

Higher electronegativity typically leads to covalent bonding, while lower leads to ionic bonding.

What happens to ionic bond strength as ionic size increases?

Ionic bond strength decreases as the size of the ions increases.

How does the charge of ions affect ionic bond strength?

Higher charges on ions lead to stronger ionic bonds due to increased electrostatic attraction.

How does the sharing of electrons affect covalent bond strength?

More shared electrons in a covalent bond result in a stronger bond.

What is a property of compounds with only homonuclear covalent bonds?

These compounds often have high melting points and are generally nonpolar.

What is the effect of larger atomic size on covalent bond strength?

Larger atomic sizes result in weaker covalent bonds.

How are bond length and strength related in covalent bonds?

Shorter bonds are typically stronger due to increased electron sharing.

What trend exists for strength in ionic versus covalent bonds?

Both types of bonds tend to become weaker as you move down groups in the periodic table.

How does bond polarity relate to electronegativity differences?

Greater differences in electronegativity lead to more polar covalent bonds.

What role do intermolecular forces play in covalent compounds?

They impact properties like boiling point and solubility.

How can ionic bonds be represented visually?

Ionic bonds can be represented using electron dot structures showing electron transfer.

What is a characteristic of ionic compounds in solution?

Ionic compounds typically dissociate into ions when dissolved in water.

What effect do impurities have on ionic melting points?

Impurities can lower the melting points of ionic compounds.

Why do covalent compounds usually have lower melting points than ionic compounds?

Covalent compounds have weaker intermolecular forces compared to ionic bonds.

How is bond type determined in chemical compounds?

Bond type is determined by the elements involved and their electronegativities.